Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children

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Risk factors

By Mayo Clinic staff

Risk factors for ADHD include:

  • Maternal exposure to toxins
  • Smoking, drinking alcohol or using drugs during pregnancy
  • A family history of ADHD or certain other behavioral and mood disorders
  • Premature birth

ADHD frequently occurs along with certain other conditions, including:

  • Hyperthyroidism
  • Having a learning disability or being a gifted learner
  • Oppositional defiant disorder
References
  1. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR. 4th ed. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association; 2000. http://www.psychiatryonline.com. Accessed Jan. 21, 2009.
  2. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. National Institute of Mental Health. http://www.nimh.nih.gov. Accessed Jan. 21, 2009.
  3. Plizska S. Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of the Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychology. 2007;46:894.
  4. Vitiello B. Understanding the risk of using medications for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with respect to physical growth and cardiovascular function. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 2008;17:459.
  5. Perrin JM. Cardiovascular monitoring and stimulant drugs for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 2008;122:451.
  6. Overview of Section 504. Council of Educators for Students with Disabilities. http://www.504idea.org/504overview.html. Accessed Jan. 26, 2009.
  7. Weber W, et al. Complementary and alternative medical therapies for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism. Pediatric Clinics of North America. 2007;54:983.
  8. Jensen PS, et al. The effects of yoga on the attention and behavior of boys with ADHD. Journal of Attention Disorders. 2004;7:205.
  9. Peck HL, et al. Yoga as an intervention for children with attention problems. School Psychology Reviews. 2005;34:415.

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Feb. 13, 2009

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