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By Mayo Clinic staffAn untreated aortic dissection can be fatal. The most common cause of death is rupture of an aortic dissection into one of the body cavities, which causes severe internal bleeding. Sometimes an aortic dissection runs down the length of the aorta and affects the arteries that branch off the aorta. If an aortic dissection interferes with blood flow from these vessels to the rest of the body, tissue damage such as stroke or paralysis may occur.