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Skin patch for birth control
By Mayo Clinic staff
The first skin patch for birth control, Ortho Evra, was introduced in 2001. The patch is a 1 3/4-inch adhesive square that slowly releases the hormones estrogen and progestin through the skin and into the bloodstream.
Effectiveness rate. The effectiveness rate of the patch is around 98 percent, which means that two out of 100 women using the patch over one year will get pregnant. There's some evidence to suggest that Ortho Evra may be less reliable in women who weigh more than 198 pounds.
Side effects and health risks. The most common side effects are skin irritation, headaches, breast tenderness, nausea, vomiting, bloating, decreased sex drive and depression. Women who use the patch may be at a slightly increased risk of heart attack, stroke and blood clots. Users of the patch are exposed to higher levels of estrogen — about 60 percent greater — than are users of contemporary birth control pills. Increased exposure to estrogen may increase the risk of side effects, but that hasn't yet been demonstrated.
If any of these characteristics describes you, don't use the patch:
- Age 35 or older and currently smoke
- A history of cardiovascular disease
- A history of breast, uterine or liver cancer
- A history of blood clots in the legs or lungs
The patch doesn't protect against STDs.
How to use the patch. If you decide on the patch, apply a patch weekly for three consecutive weeks. The fourth week is patch-free, which allows you to have your menstrual period. Place the patch on your buttocks, lower abdomen or upper body, but not on your breasts. Here are a few additional tips for patch use:
- Don't apply oils, creams or cosmetics near the patch.
- You may participate in your regular activities, including swimming and bathing, while wearing the patch.
- If your patch becomes detached, replace it with a new patch immediately. Review your package insert for information on whether you need to use a backup method of birth control.
Cost and availability. Ortho Evra costs about $50 for a month's supply of three patches. The initial examination costs $35 to $175.
Vaginal ring The pill and other hormonal contraceptives
