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Tests and diagnosis
By Mayo Clinic staffThe cause of your diarrhea may be difficult to diagnose. Even if B. hominis is present on a fecal exam, it may not be causing your symptoms. Your doctor likely will take your medical history, ask you about recent activities, such as traveling, and perform a physical exam. A number of lab tests help diagnose parasitic diseases and other noninfectious causes of gastrointestinal symptoms:
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Stool (fecal) exam. Also called an ova and parasite test, this test looks for parasites or their eggs (ova) that cause signs and symptoms, such as diarrhea and abdominal cramping and bloating. Your doctor may ask you for several stool samples, each from a different day.
Your doctor may give you a special container with preservative fluid for your stool samples. If not, refrigerate your samples until you take them to your doctor's office or the lab your doctor designates. Don't freeze the samples.
- Endoscopy. If you have symptoms, but the fecal exam doesn't reveal the cause, your doctor may request this test. A doctor, usually a gastroenterologist, inserts a tube into your mouth or rectum to look for the cause of your symptoms. You'll be sedated for this test, and you'll need to fast beginning at midnight the night before the test.
- Blood tests. Although there are no blood tests that can detect B. hominis, your doctor may order blood tests to look for other causes of your signs and symptoms. That's because when your body is infected with a parasite, your immune system tries to fight the infection, which leaves antibodies or parasite antigens or both in your system. A lab can detect some parasites by examining a sample of your blood for the antibodies or antigens.
- Scans. Some parasitic diseases may cause swelling or scarring of internal organs. Your doctor may request an X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or a computerized tomography (CT) scan to detect the swelling or scarring.
- Fact sheet: Blastocystis hominis infection. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/blastocystishominis/factsht_blastocystis_hominis.htm. Accessed June 3, 2010.
- Ortega-Barria E. Blastocystis hominis. In: Long SS, et al., eds. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2008. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/203022604-3/1004582449/1679/264.html#4-u1.0-B978-0-443-06687-0..50263-0_4635. Accessed June 3, 2010.
- Leder K, et al. Blastocystis species. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed June 3, 2010.
- Stensvold CR, et al. Eradication of blastocystis carriage with antimicrobials: Reality or delusion? Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology. 2010;44:85.
- Wanke CA. Travelers' diarrhea. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed June 3, 2010.
- Wash your hands. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/Features/HandWashing/. Accessed June 3, 2010.
- Conner BA. Traveler's diarrhea. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2010/chapter-2/travelers-diarrhea.aspx. Accessed June 3, 2010.
- Oral rehydration solutions: Made at home. Rehydration Project. http://rehydrate.org/solutions/homemade.htm#recipes. Accessed June 3, 2010.
- NSF standards and certification. Water Quality Association. http://www.wqa.org/sitelogic.cfm?ID=1897. Accessed June 22, 2010.
- Anderson CF (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. June 10, 2010.
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