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Risk factors
By Mayo Clinic staffChickenpox, which is caused by the varicella-zoster virus, is highly contagious to people not immune to it. The disease spreads quickly, especially in locations where people are in close contact, such as child care facilities, schools and families. The virus is transmitted by direct contact with the rash or by droplets dispersed into the air by coughing or sneezing.
A person who has chickenpox can transmit the virus for up to 48 hours before the telltale rash appears and remains contagious until all spots crust over. People who've been vaccinated against chickenpox are usually immune to the virus. The same is true of anyone who has had chickenpox in the past. People at risk of contracting chickenpox include anyone who hasn't been vaccinated or who has never had the disease.
