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Cholesterol: Top 5 foods to lower your numbers

Diet can play an important role in lowering your cholesterol. Here are five foods that can lower your cholesterol and protect your heart.

By Mayo Clinic staff

Can a bowl of oatmeal help lower your cholesterol? How about a handful of walnuts or even a baked potato topped with some heart-healthy margarine? A few simple tweaks to your diet — like these — may be enough to lower your cholesterol to a healthy level and help you stay off medications.

1. Oatmeal, oat bran and high-fiber foods

Oatmeal contains soluble fiber, which reduces your low-density lipoprotein (LDL), the "bad" cholesterol. Soluble fiber is also found in such foods as kidney beans, apples, pears, barley and prunes.

Soluble fiber can reduce the absorption of cholesterol into your bloodstream. Five to 10 grams or more of soluble fiber a day decreases your total and LDL cholesterol. Eating 1 1/2 cups of cooked oatmeal provides 6 grams of fiber. If you add fruit, such as bananas, you'll add about 4 more grams of fiber. To mix it up a little, try steel-cut oatmeal or cold cereal made with oatmeal or oat bran.

2. Fish and omega-3 fatty acids

Eating fatty fish can be heart-healthy because of its high levels of omega-3 fatty acids, which can reduce your blood pressure and risk of developing blood clots. In people who have already had heart attacks, fish oil — or omega-3 fatty acids — reduces the risk of sudden death.

Doctors recommend eating at least two servings of fish a week. The highest levels of omega-3 fatty acids are in:

  • Mackerel
  • Lake trout
  • Herring
  • Sardines
  • Albacore tuna
  • Salmon
  • Halibut

You should bake or grill the fish to avoid adding unhealthy fats. If you don't like fish, you can also get small amounts of omega-3 fatty acids from foods like ground flaxseed or canola oil.

You can take an omega-3 or fish oil supplement to get some of the benefits, but you won't get other nutrients in fish, like selenium. If you decide to take a supplement, just remember to watch your diet and eat lean meat or vegetables in place of fish.

3. Walnuts, almonds and other nuts

Walnuts, almonds and other nuts can reduce blood cholesterol. Rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, walnuts also help keep blood vessels healthy.

According to the Food and Drug Administration, eating about a handful (1.5 ounces, or 42.5 grams) a day of most nuts, such as almonds, hazelnuts, peanuts, pecans, some pine nuts, pistachio nuts and walnuts, may reduce your risk of heart disease. Just make sure the nuts you eat aren't salted or coated with sugar.

All nuts are high in calories, so a handful will do. To avoid eating too many nuts and gaining weight, replace foods high in saturated fat with nuts. For example, instead of using cheese, meat or croutons in your salad, add a handful of walnuts or almonds.

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References
  1. Cholesterol, fiber and oat bran. American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4494. Accessed March 24, 2010.
  2. Flight I, et al. Cereal grains and legumes in the prevention of coronary heart disease and stroke: A review of the literature. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2006;60:1145.
  3. Fish 101. American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=3071550. Accessed March 24, 2010.
  4. Fish and omega-3 fatty acids. American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4632. Accessed March 24, 2010.
  5. Kris-Etherton PM, et al. The role of tree nuts and peanuts in the prevention of coronary heart disease: Multiple potential mechanisms. Journal of Nutrition. 2008;138:1746S.
  6. King JC, et al. Tree nuts and peanuts as components of a healthy diet. Journal of Nutrition. 2008;138:1736S.
  7. Covas MI. Bioactive effects of olive oil phenolic compounds in humans: Reduction of heart disease factors and oxidative damage. Immunopharmacology. 2008;16:216.
  8. Covas MI, et al. The effect of virgin and refined olive oils on heart disease risk factors. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2006;145:333.
  9. Fassbender K, et al. Moderately elevated plant sterol levels are associated with reduced cardiovascular risk — The LASA study. Atherosclerosis. 2008;196:283.
  10. AbuMweis SS, et al. Cholesterol-lowering effects of plant sterols. Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 2008;10:467.
  11. Fat. American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4582. Accessed March 24, 2010.
CL00002 May 7, 2010

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