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Treatments and drugs
By Mayo Clinic staffTreating a chronic cough with a known cause is usually straightforward. When the cause can't be determined, treatment becomes more problematic and frustrating.
Antihistamines and decongestants
Antihistamines and decongestants are usually given in combination as the standard treatment for allergies and postnasal drip. Older, sedating antihistamines may be more effective in treating cough than the newer generation of drugs that don't make you drowsy.
Inhaled corticosteroids
These anti-inflammatory drugs are the most effective treatment for asthma and asthma-related cough, but the use of inhaled bronchodilators may also be required. Long-term use of corticosteroids may increase the risk of skin thinning, bruising, osteoporosis and cataracts.
Medications to treat acid reflux
When lifestyle changes don't take care of acid reflux, you may be treated with a proton pump inhibitor, which blocks acid production and allows esophageal tissue time to heal. Prescription-strength proton pump inhibitors include:
- Esomeprazole (Nexium)
- Lansoprazole (Prevacid)
- Omeprazole (Prilosec)
- Pantoprazole (Protonix)
- Rabeprazole (Aciphex)
Other treatments
When the reason for your cough isn't known, your doctor may prescribe a cough suppressant or a type of medication that relaxes the air passages in your lungs.
- Silvestri RC, et al. Evaluation of subacute and chronic cough in adults. http://uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed March 9, 2009
- Rosenow EC (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. March 27, 2009.
- Approach to the patient with a cough. In: Mason RJ, et al. Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2005. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/124735402-3/813991400/1288/241.html. Accessed March 9, 2009.
- Hill DG. Cough. In: Rakel RE, et al. Conn's Current Therapy. 60th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2008. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/124890287-5/814421311/1621/18.html#4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-4435-2..50010-8--cesec4_130. Accessed March 10, 2009.
- Weinberger SE, et al. Treatment of subacute and chronic cough in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed March 10, 2009.
- Upper endoscopy. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/upperendoscopy. Accessed March 10, 2009.
- Bronchoscopy. National Heart Lung and Blood Institute. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/bron/bron_whatis.html. Accessed March 10, 2009.
- Prednisone. American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a601102.html. Accessed March 10, 2009.
- Heartburn, gastroesophageal reflux (GER), and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/gerd. Accessed March 10, 2009.
- Natural medicines in the clinical management of cold and flu: Cough. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. http://www.naturaldatabase.com. Accessed March 10, 2009.
