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    Jennifer Nelson, M.S., R.D. and Katherine Zeratsky, R.D.

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  • Sept. 14, 2011

    Defining 'gluten-free' — Is it all or nothing?

    By Jennifer Nelson, M.S., R.D. and Katherine Zeratsky, R.D.

30 comments posted

In August the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reopened the comment period for the proposed rule on the term gluten-free on food labels. This extension is your last chance to comment before the rule is adopted.

The FDA proposes to allow use of the term gluten-free for foods that do not contain any of the following:

  • An ingredient that is a species of wheat, rye, barley or a crossbred hybrid of these grains
  • An ingredient derived from these grains that has not been processed to remove gluten
  • A processed ingredient derived from these grains that adds 20 parts per million (ppm) or more of gluten
  • Any food containing 20 ppm or more of gluten

It may seem contradictory for the agency to say that a food that contains gluten — even less than 20 ppm — is gluten-free. However, analytical methods are not available that can reliably detect lower levels of gluten.

In addition, this level was vetted by an expert panel that examined existing research to determine a "safe" level — the point at which no or few adverse effects occur. It's also important to note that 27 other countries currently use this level. Finally, the FDA has said that it's open to revising the standard in future if more sensitive methods are developed for determining gluten levels.

Some people might be tempted to discount the proposed rule because they feel no amount of gluten is acceptable in a food labeled as gluten-free. However, not adopting some set of criteria means that people with celiac disease will remain in the dark when trying to interpret food labels. Claims such as "made on equipment that shares processing with wheat" or ingredient names such as "wheat starch flour" are confusing and don't provide meaningful guidance.

For those with celiac disease it is critical to have foods with the lowest possible amount of the offending grain — preferably none. Defining gluten-free in a realistic and enforceable way is a good first step.

What are your thoughts? Share them with FDA now — the link appears in the reference list.

- Jennifer

30 comments posted

blog index
  • April 29, 2009 11:03 a.m.

    Why don't restaurants include/ indicate gluten free meals on their menus? Whenever I dine out there is usually only one item on the menu that I can have, and it's the same thing everytime. When I ask the waiter which dishes are gluten free they are unsure even when they check with the chef. Very frustrating.

    - helena

  • April 24, 2009 12:07 p.m.

    Just to clear things up -- the gluten-free component of the allergen labeling law does not require companies to label their products "gluten free."' Use of the label will still be voluntary. What it will do is establish, for the first time in the US, specific rules about what can be labeled "gluten free." One of these rules proposes that foods have to have less than 20 ppm of gluten to be called "gluten free." Another proposed rule specifies that products be tested to prove they have less than 20 ppm of gluten, including gluten that might have unitentionally gotten into a product due to cross contamination. Although it is voluntary, there's no doubt the definition will be helpful to those who follow the gluten-free diet, as well as companies interested in making products for them. Now it just has to be finalized.

    - Amy Ratner, Gluten-Free Living

  • April 23, 2009 3:21 p.m.

    Hi Susie - I agree, it can be very difficult to find gluten-free substitutes for bread/bread products. I recently found a way to make crackers and pizza crust that my (celiac) husband loves - friends & me too! Select a gluten-free dry mix for pizza crust (one that includes yeast). Mix according to package directions. Make a thin pizza crust: moisten your fingers with water and spread it very thinly (yes thin, not paper thin but very thin) on parchment paper. Lightly brush the crust with oil. Bake at 425 degrees - on the parchment paper only - not on a sheet pan - until almost golden for about 5 minutes. Bring it out of the oven and top with tomato sauce and other favorite gluten-free toppings. Put back into oven to warm the toppings through. NOTE: You can also make crackers - after brushing the crust with oil, sprinkle with herbs (rosemary), or pepper or parmesan cheese. Bake at 425 degrees a bit longer or until crisp/browned. Break apart for crackers. Usually the pizza mix makes lots of dough - I keep what I don't use in a covered bowl in the refrigerator and use it over several evenings. I'm sure others people have some suggestions too?

    - Jennifer (your blog host)

  • April 22, 2009 5:06 p.m.

    I see a lot of cookbooks out there related to gluten free cooking, but I would really like some recipes for things like quick breads, pizza dough, regular bread, etc that actually taste good. I've tried a few gluten free mixes for things like cookies and they are ok, but not great. Help!

    - susie

  • April 21, 2009 7:12 p.m.

    My husband has celiac and is dairy intolerant. It is very frustrating that so few products are actually gluten free. Are the gluten free products more available in the US than here in Canada?

    - Lori Shore

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