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  • With Mayo Clinic nutritionists

    Jennifer Nelson, M.S., R.D. and Katherine Zeratsky, R.D.

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  • Jan. 25, 2012

    Questions about nutrition — Top 5 FAQs

    By Jennifer Nelson, M.S., R.D. and Katherine Zeratsky, R.D.

7 comments posted

We thought we'd share five of the most frequently asked questions we get about nutrition and healthy eating. These represent what's hot on the topic of "you are what you eat."

What should I focus on to control my weight?
The war on obesity is all about reducing calories. We eat foods that are mixtures of the four calorie-yielding nutrients: carbohydrate, protein, fat and alcohol. Should you emphasize or eliminate one for weight control? That argument has been going on a long time and will likely continue as people search for the most effective weight-loss diet. In the meantime, if you want to control your weight, remember it's calories that count.

Are all carbs evil?
No. Carbs run the spectrum from simple sugars to complex indigestible fibers. The trouble comes from refined grains and simple sugars, which can play havoc with blood sugar and triglyceride levels, body weight, tooth health and inflammation. Humans seem to have an innate preference for sugar over other foods, and we scoop it up and guzzle it down.

Higher fiber carbs, on the other hand, offer some health benefits. They are slowly broken down in the gut. This slows absorption of sugar, which makes diabetes easier to manage. Fiber in the gut also links with cholesterol, which helps control cholesterol levels. Fiber provides fuel for intestinal bacteria, which may play a role in cancer protection and immune function. Not to mention that roughage improves regularity. Fiber fills you up, making dieting a bit easier. Bottom line: Switch to whole grains.

Is eating gluten-free risky?
At this time the only recognized reason to go gluten-free is if you have been diagnosed with celiac disease or dermatitis herpetiformis. There are some inherent risks in going gluten-free, so make sure your doctor agrees it's appropriate for you. Because a gluten-free diet excludes many grains it can be lower in fiber and higher in simpler carbohydrates, which can lead to any of the risks described above. Whenever you have a restricted diet, you need to stay in touch with your doctor. Another important point: Don't stop eating gluten before being tested for celiac disease — it makes the diagnosis more difficult.

What is the Modified Atkins Diet used for other than weight loss?
The focus of the Atkins Diet is on production of ketones and their role in control of weight and appetite. However for quite some time an extreme ketogenic version of the diet has been effective in certain types of epilepsy that is resistant to full control with medication. Think of the Modified Atkins Diet as the "lite" version of the traditional ketogenic diet (where all foods are weighed, and proteins and carbs are severely limited). More research is needed on effectiveness of the Modified Atkins Diet, but it may mean better quality of life for those with this type of epilepsy.

What should I eat for eye health?
Age-related macular degeneration is a major cause of blindness. There are hundreds of substances called carotenoids (which the body converts to vitamin A). However, focus is on lutein and zeatxanthin — found abundantly in the lens and macula of your eyes. Foods rich in these carotenoids, certain antioxidants and omega-3 fatty acids — but not supplements — have been shown to lower risk for cataracts and macular degeneration. Eat more green leafy veggies and more fatty fish.

- Jennifer

7 comments posted

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  • May 17, 2012 10:42 p.m.

    What about Liquid Nutrition replacement for those of us that would like to try that option for a full time balanced nutrition solution. Are there any products that are good enough to take on a full time basis?

    - Wayne

  • May 8, 2012 6:08 a.m.

    The daily diet should contain good amount of phytonutrients, because of their antioxidant properties that help the body fight of free radicals that buidl up to cause cellular degeneration. Aloe gel is a source of phytonutrients, vitamins and amino acids, and should be included in the deitary plan

    - Navneet

  • May 2, 2012 8:56 a.m.

    What do you think of the Paleo diet?

    - Elfrieda

  • April 2, 2012 9:46 a.m.

    I have what is typically referred to as "Dry Eyes" (which is not actually what is going on in your eyes) that causes runny eyes, sometimes itching and harder to see. My eye doc prescribed a highly filtered Omega-3g capsule (purifed and contrated omega-3 fish oil sold through PNN or "Physician Recommended Nutriceuticals") and take about 1300 mg per day. I order online and you get about 3 months supply for $125. Is this healthy, is there a cheaper brand that does not taste or smell fishy like this brand. It really helps and if I stop I notice a return to runny eyes within a day!

    - Donal

  • February 1, 2012 9:33 p.m.

    Have MD, am 75 and just diagnosed in last year. My opthom. has me takingI-Caps MV. Your article suggests multi vits are not as effective as actual food. The food can be a problem at times. I'm taking the multi-vit.

    - joann

  • January 29, 2012 9:15 p.m.

    Good evening, I was wondering if any of you have heard of or tried Zipfizz? It is an energy drink loaded with vitamins but I was just wondering if it is healthy or not and what are the possible side effects? Thanks for your help.

    - Karen

  • January 26, 2012 5:29 a.m.

    I never see advise for fighting pre- diabetic suffering from Gout. I eat almost no meat except for a finger of salmon now and then. Bake my own whole wheat bread and follow a low glycemic diet. Still gaining weight, low cholesterol, finally high normal glucose and horrible uric acid level. I am 77 years old.

    - Albert

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