Congenital heart defects in children

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Common congenital heart defects

Congenital heart defects are heart problems that develop before birth. They can occur in the heart's chambers, valves or blood vessels. A baby may be born with only one defect or with several defects. Of the dozens of heart defects, some are mild and may need little or no medical treatment even through adulthood. Other types of congenital heart defects are life-threatening, either immediately to the newborn or over time. Here's a look at some of the more common congenital heart defects. Compare them with the normal human heart, shown here.

1. Congenital cardiovascular defects. American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4565. Accessed Aug.10, 2010.
2. Ventricular septal defect (VSD). American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=11066. Accessed Aug. 10, 2010.
3. Atrial septal defect (ASD). American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=11065. Accessed Aug. 10, 2010.
4. Patent ductus arteriosus. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/pda/pda_what.html. Accessed Aug. 10, 2010.
5. Pulmonary valve stenosis and regurgitation. American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=11070. Accessed Aug. 10, 2010.
6. Aortic stenosis. The Merck Manuals: Home Edition for Patients and Caregivers. http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec03/ch028/ch028f.html. Accessed Aug. 10, 2010.
7. Coarctation of the aorta. American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=11069. Accessed Aug. 10, 2010.
8. Transposition of the great arteries. American heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=11074. Accessed Aug. 10, 2010.
9. Tetralogy of Fallot. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/tof/tof_all.html. Accessed Aug. 10, 2010.
10. Attenhofer Jost CH, et al. Ebstein's anomaly. Circulation. 2007;115:277.
11. Atrioventricular canal defect. American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=132. Accessed Aug. 10, 2010.
12. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome. American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=1353. Accessed Aug. 10, 2010.
13. Truncus arteriosus. American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=11073. Accessed Aug. 10, 2010.