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Diabetes symptoms: When diabetes symptoms are a concern

By Mayo Clinic staff
Original Article:  http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/diabetes-symptoms/DA00125
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Diabetes symptoms: When diabetes symptoms are a concern

Diabetes symptoms are often subtle. Here's what to look for — and when to consult your doctor.

By Mayo Clinic staff

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Early diabetes symptoms, especially type 2 diabetes, can be subtle or seemingly harmless — if you have them at all. You could have diabetes for months or even years and not have any diabetes symptoms.

In the United States alone, nearly 6 million people have undiagnosed diabetes, according to the American Diabetes Association. But you don't need to become a statistic. Understanding possible diabetes symptoms can lead to early diagnosis and treatment — and a lifetime of better health. If you're experiencing any of the following diabetes signs and symptoms, see your doctor.

Excessive thirst and increased urination

Excessive thirst and increased urination are classic diabetes signs and symptoms.

When you have diabetes, excess sugar (glucose) builds up in your blood. Your kidneys are forced to work overtime to filter and absorb the excess sugar. If your kidneys can't keep up, the excess sugar is excreted into your urine along with fluids drawn from your tissues. This triggers more frequent urination, which may leave you dehydrated. As you drink more fluids to quench your thirst, you'll urinate even more.

Fatigue

You may feel fatigued. Many factors can contribute to this. They include dehydration from increased urination and your body's inability to function properly, since it's less able to use sugar for energy needs.

Weight loss

Weight fluctuations also fall under the umbrella of possible diabetes signs and symptoms. When you lose sugar through frequent urination, you also lose calories. At the same time, diabetes may keep the sugar from your food from reaching your cells — leading to constant hunger. The combined effect is potentially rapid weight loss, especially if you have type 1 diabetes.

Blurred vision

Diabetes symptoms sometimes involve your vision. High levels of blood sugar pull fluid from your tissues, including the lenses of your eyes. This affects your ability to focus.

Left untreated, diabetes can cause new blood vessels to form in your retina — the back part of your eye — as well as damage established vessels. For most people, these early changes do not cause vision problems. However, if these changes progress undetected, they can lead to vision loss and blindness.

Slow-healing sores or frequent infections

Doctors and people with diabetes have observed that infections seem more common if you have diabetes. Research in this area, however, has not proved whether this is entirely true, nor why. It may be that high levels of blood sugar impair your body's natural healing process and your ability to fight infections. For women, bladder and vaginal infections are especially common.

Tingling hands and feet

Excess sugar in your blood can lead to nerve damage. You may notice tingling and loss of sensation in your hands and feet, as well as burning pain in your arms, hands, legs and feet.

Red, swollen, tender gums

Diabetes may weaken your ability to fight germs, which increases the risk of infection in your gums and in the bones that hold your teeth in place. Your gums may pull away from your teeth, your teeth may become loose, or you may develop sores or pockets of pus in your gums — especially if you have a gum infection before diabetes develops.

Take your body's hints seriously

If you notice any possible diabetes signs or symptoms, contact your doctor. The earlier the condition is diagnosed, the sooner treatment can begin. Diabetes is a serious condition. But with your active participation and the support of your health care team, you can manage diabetes while enjoying an active, healthy life.

References
  1. Diabetes statistics. American Diabetes Association. http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/diabetes-statistics/?utm_source=RightHandRail&utm_medium=SitePromotion4&utm_content=Stats&utm_campaign=CON. Accessed July 19, 2010.
  2. Am I at risk for type 2 diabetes? National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease. http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/riskfortype2/index.htm#3. Accessed July 19, 2010.
  3. Levitsky LL, et al. Epidemiology, presentation, and diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus in adolescents and young children. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed July 19, 2010.
  4. Diabetes mellitus (DM). The Merck Manuals: The Merck Manuals for Healthcare Professionals. http://155.91.16.2/mmpe/sec12/ch158/ch158b.html#S12_CH158_T002. Accessed July 19, 2010.
  5. Powers AC. Chronic complications of DM. In: Fauci AS. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th ed. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2008. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=2891216. Accessed July 19, 2010.
  6. Eye complications. American Diabetes Association. http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/complications/eye-complications/. Accessed July 19, 2010.
  7. Skin complications. American Diabetes Association. http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/complications/skin-complications.html. Accessed July 19, 2010.
  8. Foot complications. American Diabetes Association. http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/complications/foot-complications.html. Accessed July 19, 2010.
  9. Prevent diabetes problems: Keep your teeth and gums healthy. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease. http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/complications_teeth/. Accessed July 20, 2010.
  10. Diabetes and oral health. American Dental Association. http://www.ada.org/sections/scienceAndResearch/pdfs/patient_18.pdf. Accessed July 20, 2010.
DA00125 Oct. 12, 2010

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