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Definition

By Mayo Clinic staff

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when your body produces very high levels of blood acids called ketones.

Diabetic ketoacidosis develops when you have too little insulin in your body. Insulin normally plays a key role in helping sugar (glucose) — a major source of energy for your muscles and other tissues — enter your cells. Without enough insulin, your body begins to breaks down fat as an alternate fuel. In turn, this process produces toxic acids in the bloodstream called ketones, eventually leading to diabetic ketoacidosis if untreated.

If you have diabetes or you're at risk of diabetes, learn the warning signs of diabetic ketoacidosis — and know when to seek emergency care.

References
  1. Ketoacidosis (DKA). American Diabetes Association. http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/complications/ketoacidosis-dka.html. Accessed March 31, 2010.
  2. Ferri FF. Diabetic ketoacidosis. In: Ferri FF. Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2010. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby; 2009. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/192147260-3/0/2088/189.html#4-u1.0-B978-0-323-05609-0..00013-7--sc0070_3802. Accessed March 31, 2010.
  3. Eisenbarth GS, et al. Type 1 diabetes mellitus. In: Kronenberg HM, et al. Kronenberg: Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2008. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/192147260-3/0/1555/195.html?tocnode=54108733&fromURL=195.html#4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-2911-3..50033-9--cesec72_2996. Accessed March 31, 2010.
  4. Fogel N, et al. Management of diabetic ketoacidosis in the emergency department. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 2009;10:246.
  5. Checking for ketones. American Diabetes Association. http://www.diabetes.org/living-with-diabetes/treatment-and-care/blood-glucose-control/checking-for-ketones.html. Accessed March 31, 2010.
  6. If you have diabetes, know your blood sugar numbers! National Diabetes Education Program. http://www.ndep.nih.gov/media/KnowNumbers_Eng.pdf. Accessed March 31, 2010.
  7. Kitabchi A, et al. Clinical features and diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed March 31, 2010.
  8. Collazo-Clavell, ML (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. April 20, 2010.
DS00674 May 14, 2010

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