Difficulty swallowing

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Risk factors

By Mayo Clinic staff

The following are risk factors for difficulty swallowing:

  • Aging. Due to natural aging and normal wear and tear on the esophagus, older adults are at higher risk of swallowing difficulties.
  • Premature birth. Babies born prematurely are more prone to developmental problems, including gastrointestinal disorders, and these may cause difficulty swallowing.
  • Certain health conditions. People with neurological or nervous system disorders are more likely to experience difficulty swallowing.
References
  1. Dysphagia. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders. http://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/voice/dysph.asp. Accessed Aug. 1, 2009.
  2. Fass R. Approach to the patient with dysphagia. http://www.uptodate.com/index/home.html. Accessed July 30, 2009.
  3. Dysphagia. The Merck Manuals: The Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/print/sec02/ch012/ch012b.html. Accessed July 30, 2009.
  4. Goyal RK. Dysphagia. In: Fauci AS, et al. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th ed. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2008. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=2888607. Accessed Aug. 3, 2009.
  5. Feeding and swallowing disorders in children. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. http://www.asha.org/public/speech/swallowing/FeedSwallowChildren.htm. Accessed Aug. 1, 2009.
  6. Swallowing trouble. American Academy of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. http://www.entnet.org/HealthInformation/swallowingTrouble.cfm. Accessed Aug. 1, 2009.
  7. Barrett KE. Esophageal Motility. In: Barrett KE. Gastrointestinal Physiology. New York, N.Y.: Lange Medical/McGraw Hill Medical; 2006. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=2307248. Accessed Aug. 3, 2009.
  8. Picco MF (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla. Aug. 13, 2009.

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Oct. 10, 2009

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