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Risk factors
By Mayo Clinic staff
Several types of stomach surgery increase your risk of dumping syndrome. These include:
- Gastrectomy, in which a portion or all of your stomach is removed. It typically includes removing the pylorus.
- Gastroenterostomy or gastrojejunostomy, in which your stomach is surgically connected directly to your small intestine beyond the pylorus, thus bypassing the pylorus. Doctors sometimes perform this operation in people with cancer of the stomach.
- Vagotomy, in which the nerves to your stomach are cut in order to lower the levels of acid produced by your stomach.
- Fundoplication, which is an operation sometimes performed on people with gastroesophageal reflux disease. It involves wrapping the upper portion of your stomach around the lower esophagus to apply pressure that reduces the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. However, on rare occasions, certain nerves to the stomach are unintentionally damaged during surgery, leading to dumping syndrome.
- Gastric bypass surgery (Roux-en-Y operation), which is performed to treat morbid obesity. It surgically creates a stomach pouch that's smaller than the entire stomach, meaning you're no longer able to eat as much as you once did, resulting in weight loss.
Certain underlying conditions and medications also may make you more susceptible to dumping syndrome. These include:
- Diabetes
- Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS)
- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, which causes severe peptic ulcers
- Metoclopramide (Reglan), sometimes prescribed to ease nausea, vomiting and heartburn.
References
- Rapid gastric emptying. National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/rapidgastricemptying/. Accessed Feb. 18, 2010.
- Tack J, et al. Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of postoperative dumping syndrome. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2009;6:583.
- Mun EC, et al. Complications of bariatric surgery. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Feb. 22, 2010.
- Mun EC, et al. Medical management of patients after bariatric surgery. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Feb. 22, 2010.
- Deitel, M. The change in the dumping syndrome concept. Obesity Surgery. 2008;18:1622.
- Hejazi RA, et al. Dumping syndrome: Establishing criteria for diagnosis and identifying new etiologies. Digestive Diseases and Sciences. 2010;55:117.
- Dumping syndrome. University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health. http://www.uwhealth.org/healthfacts/B_EXTRANET_HEALTH_INFORMATION-FlexMember-Show_Public_HFFY_1104449365863.html. Accessed Feb. 27, 2010.
- Pectin. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. http://www.naturaldatabase.com. Accessed Feb. 27, 2010.
- Guar gum. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. http://www.naturaldatabase.com. Accessed Feb. 27, 2010.
- Black psyllium. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. http://www.naturaldatabase.com. Accessed Feb. 27, 2010.
- Blond psyllium. Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database. http://www.naturaldatabase.com. Accessed Feb. 27, 2010.
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