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Risk factors
By Mayo Clinic staffCongenital heart defects, like Ebstein's anomaly, happen early in the development of a baby's heart. It's uncertain what risk factors might cause the defect. Genetic and environmental factors are both thought to play a role. In rare cases, a mother's exposure to lithium or a viral infection may lead to Ebstein's anomaly.
- Attenhofer Jost CH, et al. Ebstein's anomaly. Circulation. 2007;115(2):277-285.
- Pflaumer A, et al. Symptomatic neonates with Ebstein anomaly. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2004;127(4):1208-1209.
- Kapusta L, et al. Ebstein's anomaly: Factors associated with death in childhood and adolescence: A multi-centre, long-term study. European Heart Journal. 2007;28(21):2661-2666.
- Brown ML, et al. Functional status after operation for Ebstein anomaly: The Mayo Clinic experience. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2008;52(6):460-466.
- Chen JM, et al. Early and medium-term results for repair of Ebstein anomaly. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery. 2004;127(4):990-999.
- Palmen M. Long-term follow-up after repair of Ebstein's anomaly. European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. 2008;34(1):48-54.
- Agarwala BN, et al. Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve. http://www.uptodate.com/index. Accessed Sept. 29, 2008.
- Ebstein's anomaly. American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=11075. Accessed Oct. 2, 2008.
