Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea pallida, Echinacea purpurea)

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Selected references

  1. Barrett BP, Brown RL, Locken K, et al. Treatment of the common cold with unrefined echinacea. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 2002;137(12):939-946.
  2. Barrett B, Brown R, Mundt M, et al. Using benefit harm tradeoffs to estimate sufficiently important difference: the case of the common cold. Med Decis Making 2005;25(1):47-55.
  3. Everett LL, Birmingham PK, Williams GD, et al. Herbal and homeopathic medication use in pediatric surgical patients. Paediatr Anaesth 2005;15(6):455-460.
  4. Huntley AL, Thompson Coon J, Ernst E. The safety of herbal medicinal products derived from Echinacea species: a systematic review. Drug Saf 2005;28(5):387-400.
  5. Koenig K, Roehr CC. Does treatment with Echinacea purpurea effectively shorten the course of upper respiratory tract infections in children? Arch Dis Child 2006;91(6):535-537.
  6. Mishima S, Saito K, Maruyama H, et al. Antioxidant and immuno-enhancing effects of Echinacea purpurea . Biol Pharm Bull 2004;27(7):1004-1009.
  7. Neri PG, Stagni E, Filippello M, et al. Oral Echinacea purpurea extract in low-grade, steroid-dependent, autoimmune idiopathic uveitis: a pilot study. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2006;22(6):431-436.
  8. O'Neil J, Hughes S, Lourie A, et al. Effects of echinacea on the frequency of upper respiratory tract symptoms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2008;100(4):384-388.
  9. Pillai S, Pillai C, Mitscher LA, et al. Use of quantitative flow cytometry to measure ex vivo immunostimulant activity of echinacea: the case for polysaccharides. J Altern Complement Med 2007;13(6):625-634.
  10. Shah SA, Sander S, White CM, et al. Evaluation of echinacea for the prevention and treatment of the common cold: a meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis 2007;7(7):473-480.
  11. Schapowal A, Berger D, Klein P, et al. Echinacea/sage or chlorhexidine/lidocaine for treating acute sore throats: a randomized double-blind trial. Eur J Med Res 2009;14(9):406-12.
  12. Turner RB, Bauer R, Woelkart K, et al. An evaluation of Echinacea angustifolia in experimental rhinovirus infections. N Engl J Med 2005;353(4):341-348.
  13. Taylor JA, Weber W, Standish L, et al. Efficacy and safety of echinacea in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;290(21):2824-2830.
  14. Wahl RA, Aldous MB, Worden KA, et al. Echinacea purpurea and osteopathic manipulative treatment in children with recurrent otitis media: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Complement Altern Med 2008;8:56.
  15. Yale SH, Glurich I. Analysis of the inhibitory potential of Ginkgo biloba , Echinacea purpurea , and Serenoa repens on the metabolic activity of cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9. J Altern Complement Med 2005;11(3):433-439.
NS_patient-echinacea Portions of this document last updated: Sept. 1, 2012

THIS EVIDENCE-BASED MONOGRAPH WAS PREPARED BY
THE NATURAL STANDARD RESEARCH COLLABORATION
(www.naturalstandard.com)

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