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Symptoms
By Mayo Clinic staffSigns and symptoms of familial Mediterranean fever usually begin during childhood. In fact, 90 percent of all people diagnosed with FMF are younger than 20 years old. The signs and symptoms, collectively referred to as "attacks," often occur with little warning. Generally, the attacks last two to three days, reaching peak intensity within the first 12 to 24 hours. Typical signs and symptoms may include:
- A sudden fever, ranging from about 100 F (37.8 C) to 104 F (40 C)
- Abdominal pain
- Recurrent chest pain
- Achy, swollen joints
- Constipation followed by diarrhea
- A red rash on your legs, especially below your knees
Less common signs and symptoms may include:
- Muscle aches
- Inflammation of the female reproductive organs (pelvic inflammatory disease)
- A swollen, tender scrotum
- Inflammation of your blood vessels (vasculitis)
Attacks usually occur sporadically, although some people report that vigorous exercise or stress provokes their attacks. Symptom-free periods may be as short as a week or as long as months. Between attacks, you'll likely feel normal.
When to see a doctor
See your doctor if you have a sudden fever accompanied by pain in your abdomen, chest and joints so that your doctor can determine the cause.
Familial Mediterranean fever is usually well controlled by the medication colchicine. If you're taking colchicine for FMF, consult your doctor if you experience any of the following:
- Diarrhea, nausea or vomiting. Side effects of colchicine are usually mild, but these signs and symptoms could indicate that your medication dose may need to be adjusted.
- Chronic pain. You may want to see a doctor who specializes in pain management if you have persistent pain that's not relieved by your medication.
- Ongoing attacks. If carefully adhering to colchicine therapy isn't preventing your attacks, talk to your doctor about other treatment options, such as dietary changes.
If you experience sudden worrisome signs or symptoms, such as shortness of breath or passing out, call 911 or emergency medical help.
