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Dietary fats: Know which types to choose
Daily limits for fat intake
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) recommend that fat make up no more than 35 percent of your daily calories. This means that if you consume 1,800 calories a day, eat no more than 70 grams of fat daily. (To figure: Multiply 1,800 by 0.35 to get 630 calories, and divide that number by 9, the number of calories per gram of fat, to get 70 grams of total fat.) Keep in mind, however, that this is an upper limit and that most of these fat calories should come from monounsaturated and polyunsaturated sources.
In addition, the USDA and HHS recommend these upper limits for saturated fat and dietary cholesterol for healthy adults:
| Type of fat | Recommendation |
|---|---|
| Saturated fat | Less than 10 percent of your total daily calories |
| Dietary cholesterol | Less than 300 milligrams a day |
Though the USDA and HHS haven't yet established an upper limit for trans fat, they do suggest that you keep your trans fat intake as low as possible. The American Heart Association, on the other hand, has set an upper limit for trans fat — no more than 1 percent of your total daily calories. For most people, this is less than 2 grams a day.
Be aware that many foods contain different kinds of fat and varying levels of each type. For example, butter contains unsaturated fats, but a large percentage of the total fat is saturated fat. And canola oil has a high percentage of monounsaturated fat, but also contains smaller amounts of polyunsaturated fat and saturated fat.
Tips for choosing the best types of fat
Limit fat in your diet, but don't try to cut it out completely. Focus on reducing foods high in saturated fat, trans fat and cholesterol, and select more foods made with unsaturated fats. Consider these tips when making your choices:
- Saute with olive oil instead of butter.
- Use olive oil in salad dressings and marinades. Use canola oil when baking.
- Sprinkle slivered nuts or sunflower seeds on salads instead of bacon bits.
- Snack on a small handful of nuts rather than potato chips or processed crackers. Or try peanut butter or other nut-butter spreads — nonhydrogenated — on celery, bananas, or rice or popcorn cakes.
- Add slices of avocado, rather than cheese, to your sandwich.
- Prepare fish such as salmon and mackerel, which contain monounsaturated and omega-3 fats, instead of meat one or two times a week.
Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats have few adverse effects on blood cholesterol levels, but you still need to consume all fats in moderation. Eating large amounts of any fat adds excess calories. Also make sure that fatty foods don't replace more nutritious options, such as fruits, vegetables, legumes or whole grains.
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- Dietary guidelines for Americans. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document/. Accessed Nov. 25, 2008.
- Gillman MH, et al. Dietary fat. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Nov. 25, 2008.
- American Heart Association scientific position: Fat. American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4582. Accessed Nov. 25, 2008.
- USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 20. U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.nal.usda.gov/fnic/foodcomp/search/. Accessed Nov. 25, 2008.
- Van Horn L, et al. The evidence for dietary prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2008;108:287.
- Zeratsky KA (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Dec. 3, 2008.
