Giardia infection (giardiasis)

ARTICLE SECTIONS

Introduction Signs and symptoms Causes Risk factors When to seek medical advice

Screening and diagnosis Complications Treatment Prevention

Introduction

Giardia infection is an intestinal infection marked by stomach cramps, bloating, nausea and bouts of watery diarrhea. Giardia infection is caused by the parasite Giardia intestinalis (also called Giardia lamblia). The parasite is found worldwide but is especially prevalent in countries with poor sanitation and unsafe water, where it's responsible for most cases of childhood diarrhea.

Yet the giardia parasite isn't just a problem in developing nations. Giardia infection (giardiasis) is one of the most common waterborne diseases in the United States. Though the parasites are often associated with backcountry streams and lakes, they also turn up in municipal water supplies, swimming pools, whirlpool spas and wells. Giardia infection, which is highly contagious, also can be transmitted through food and person-to-person contact.

Most cases of giardia infection clear up in two to six weeks without lasting effects. But some people have recurrent episodes for years or have intestinal problems long after the parasites are gone. Children who have a severe giardia infection may fail to grow normally or have learning difficulties later in life.

Although several drugs are generally effective against giardia parasites, not everyone responds to these medications. Drug resistance is also a growing problem, especially in people who need longer therapy or who are treated more than once. Prevention is your best defense against giardiasis.

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Signs and symptoms