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continued:

Solid foods: How to get your baby started

What about juice?

You can offer mild, 100 percent fruit juices when your baby is age 6 months or older. Juice isn't a necessary part of a baby's diet, however, and it's not as valuable as the original fruit itself. If you offer juice to your baby, make sure it's pasteurized. Limit the amount your baby drinks to 4 to 6 ounces (118 to 177 milliliters) a day, and serve it in a cup. Too much juice may contribute to weight problems and diarrhea, as well as thwart your baby's appetite for more nutritious solid foods. In addition, sipping juice throughout the day or while falling asleep may lead to tooth decay.

Know what's off-limits

Don't offer cow's milk, citrus, honey or corn syrup before age 1. Cow's milk doesn't meet an infant's nutritional needs — it isn't a good source of iron and, for infants, it can lead to iron deficiency anemia. Citrus can cause a painful diaper rash, and honey and corn syrup may contain spores that can cause a serious illness known as infant botulism.

Don't offer your baby foods that pose a choking hazard, such as:

  • Small, slippery foods, such as whole grapes, hot dogs and hard candy
  • Dry foods that are hard to chew, such as popcorn, raw carrots and nuts
  • Sticky or tough foods, such as peanut butter and large pieces of meat

For babies younger than age 4 months, also avoid home-prepared or canned spinach, beets, turnips and collard greens, which may contain high levels of potentially harmful compounds from soil (nitrates). If your drinking water comes from a private well, consider having it checked for nitrates.

Make meals manageable

When your baby begins eating solid food, mealtime is sure to become an adventure. Here's help making it more enjoyable — for both you and your baby.

  • Stay seated. At first, you may feed your baby in an infant seat or propped on your lap. As soon as your baby can sit easily without support, use a highchair with a broad, stable base. Buckle the safety straps, and keep other children from climbing or hanging on to the highchair.
  • Encourage exploration. Your baby is likely to play with his or her food between bites. Although it's messy, hands-on fun helps fuel your baby's development. Place a dropcloth on the floor so you won't worry about falling food.
  • Introduce utensils. Offer your baby a spoon to hold while you feed him or her with another spoon. As your baby's dexterity improves, encourage your baby to dip the spoon in food and bring it to his or her mouth.
  • Offer a cup. Feeding your baby breast milk or formula from a cup at mealtime can help pave the way for weaning from a bottle. By age 9 months, your baby may be able to drink from a cup on his or her own.
  • Dish individual servings. Your baby may eat just a few spoonfuls of food at a time. If you feed your baby directly from a jar or container, bacteria and saliva from the spoon can quickly spoil any leftovers. Instead, place 1 tablespoon (15 milliliters) of food in a dish. The same goes for finger foods. If your baby finishes the first serving, offer another.
  • Avoid power struggles. If your baby turns away from a certain food, don't push. Simply try again another time. And again. And again. Repeated exposure can help ensure variety in your baby's diet.
  • Know when to call it quits. When your baby has had enough to eat, he or she may turn away from the spoon, lean backward, or refuse to open his or her mouth. Don't force extra bites. As long as your baby's growth is on target, you can be confident that he or she is getting enough to eat.

Enjoy your baby's sloppy tray, gooey hands and sticky face. You're building the foundation for a lifetime of healthy eating.

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References
  1. Zutavern A, et al. Timing of solid food introduction in relation to eczema, asthma, allergic rhinitis, and food and inhalant sensitization at the age of 6 years: Results from the prospective birth cohort study LISA. Pediatrics. 2008;121:e44.
  2. Greer FR, et al. Effects of early nutritional interventions on the development of atopic disease in infants and children: The role of maternal dietary restriction, breastfeeding, timing of introduction of complementary foods, and hydrolyzed formulas. Pediatrics. 2008;121:183.
  3. Duryea TK. Introducing solid foods and vitamin and mineral supplementation during infancy. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Feb. 17, 2010.
  4. Heird WC. The feeding of infants and children. In: Kliegman RM, et al. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2007. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/184081895-2/0/1608/114.html?tocnode=54475504&fromURL=114.html#4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-2450-7..50044-X_767. Accessed Feb. 17, 2010.
  5. Fleischer DM. Introducing formula and solid foods to infants at risk for allergic disease. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Feb. 17, 2010.
  6. Risko W. Infant botulism. Pediatrics in Review. 2006;27:36.
  7. Hoecker JL (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. March 3, 2010.
  8. Nitrate and drinking water from private wells. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/drinking/private/wells/disease/nitrate.html. Accessed March 3, 2010.
  9. Zeratsky KA (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. March 8, 2010.
  10. American Heart Association. Dietary recommendations for children and adolescents: A guide for practitioners. Pediatrics. 2006;117:544.
  11. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. The use and misuse of fruit juice in pediatrics. Pediatrics. 2001;107:1210.
  12. Levin RA, et al. Choking prevention among young children. Pediatric Annals. 2010;39:721.
  13. Brown JE. Nutrition Through the Life Cycle. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth; 2011:328.
  14. Holt K, et al. Bright Futures Nutrition. 3rd ed. Elk Grove Village, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatrics; 41.
PR00029 June 17, 2011

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