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    Jennifer K. Nelson, R.D., L.D.

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Question

High-fructose corn syrup: Any health concerns?

What is high-fructose corn syrup? What are the health concerns?

Answer

from Jennifer K. Nelson, R.D., L.D.

High-fructose corn syrup is a common sweetener in sodas and fruit-flavored drinks. As use of high-fructose corn syrup has increased, so have levels of obesity and related health problems, leading some to wonder if there's a connection.

Research has shown that high-fructose corn syrup is chemically similar to table sugar. Controversy exists, however, about whether or not the body handles high-fructose corn syrup differently than table sugar.

At this time, there's insufficient evidence to say that high-fructose corn syrup is any less healthy than other types of sweeteners. We do know, however, that too much added sugar — not just high-fructose corn syrup — can contribute unwanted calories that are linked to health problems, such as weight gain, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome and high triglyceride levels. All of these boost your risk of heart disease.

The American Heart Association recommends that women get no more than 100 calories a day from added sugar from any source, and that most men get no more than 150 calories a day from added sugar. That's about 6 teaspoons of added sugar for women and 9 teaspoons for men.

If you're concerned about your health, the smart play is to cut back on added sugar, regardless of the type.

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References
  1. Whitney E, et al. Understanding Nutrition. 11th ed. Belmont, Calif.: Thomson Higher Education; 2008.
  2. Duyff RL. American Dietetic Association Complete Food and Nutrition Guide. 4th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons; 2012:55.
  3. Johnson RK, et al. Dietary sugars intake and cardiovascular health: A scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2009;120:1011.
  4. Liu S, et al. Dietary carbohydrates. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index. Accessed July 27, 2012.
  5. Moeller S, et al. The effects of high fructose syrup. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. 2009;28:619.
  6. Nelson JK (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic. Rochester, Minn. July 27, 2012.
  7. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: Use of nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. 2012;112:739.
  8. Rizkalla SW. Health implications of fructose consumption: A review of recent data. Nutrition & Metabolism. 2010;7:82.
  9. MyPhuong TL, et al. Effects of high-fructose corn syrup and sucrose on the pharmacokinetics of fructose and acute metabolic and hemodynamic responses in healthy subjects. Metabolism. 2012;61:641.
  10. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm. Accessed July 26, 2012.
  11. Byerley LO, et al. Are ethanol and fructose similar? Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2010;110:1300.
  12. Lustig RH. Fructose: Metabolic, hedonic, and societal parallels with ethanol. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2010;110:1307.
AN01588 Sept. 27, 2012

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