Hyperextended knee: Cause of serious injury?

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    Edward R. Laskowski, M.D.

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Question

Hyperextended knee: Cause of serious injury?

My daughter hyperextended her knee yesterday at school. Can this injury be serious?

Answer

from Edward R. Laskowski, M.D.

A hyperextended knee occurs when the knee is bent backward, often as a result of landing wrong after a jump. A hyperextended knee can damage ligaments, cartilage and other stabilizing structures in the knee.

Young children have softer bones because they're still growing, so a hyperextended knee can result in a chip of bone being pulled away from the main bone when the ligaments stretch too far. In older children and adults, forceful hyperextension may tear one of the knee ligaments, particularly the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).

A knee injury severe enough to cause swelling, pain or instability should be evaluated by a doctor immediately. Even if the injury doesn't need surgical repair, physical therapy may be needed to help restore leg strength and stability.

References
  1. Green NE, et al. Skeletal Trauma in Children. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2008. http://www.mdconsult.com/books/page.do?eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-4900-5..10020-2--s0440&isbn=978-1-4160-4900-5&sid=1303293159&uniqId=331963592-4#4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-4900-5..10020-2--s0450. Accessed April 30, 2012.
  2. DeLee JC, et al. DeLee & Drez's Orthopaedic Sports Medicine: Principles and Practice. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2010. http://www.mdconsult.com/books/about.do?about=true&eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-3143-7..X0001-2--TOP&isbn=978-1-4160-3143-7&uniqId=230100505-57. Accessed April 30, 2012.
  3. Marx JA, et al. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby Elsevier; 2010. http://www.mdconsult.com/books/about.do?about=true&eid=4-u1.0-B978-0-323-05472-0..X0001-1--TOP&isbn=978-0-323-05472-0&uniqId=230100505-57. Accessed April 30, 2012.
  4. Hergenroeder AC. Treatment of knee injuries in the young athlete. http://www.uptodate.com/index. Accessed April 30, 2012.
AN00283 July 10, 2012

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