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Treatments and drugs
By Mayo Clinic staffTreatment involves surgery to reposition the urethral opening and, if necessary, straighten the shaft of the penis.
What happens during surgery
During surgery, a pediatric urology surgeon uses tissue grafts from the foreskin or from the inside of the mouth to reconstruct the urinary channel in the proper position, correcting the hypospadias. The surgery usually takes from 90 minutes to three hours and is done while the child is unconscious (general anesthesia). Rarely, the repair may be performed in stages, requiring two or more surgeries.
When surgery is performed
Surgery is best at an early age — usually between ages 3 months and 18 months. But the procedure can be completed at any age and even into adulthood. Infants should not be circumcised before the procedure because the foreskin tissue may be needed for the surgery.
Complications of surgery
In most cases, surgical repair results in a penis with normal or near-normal function and appearance and no future problems. However, in a small number of cases, a hole (fistula) may develop along the underside of the penis where the new urinary channel was created. This can result in urine leakage and require an additional surgery for repair.
- Hypospadias. American Urology Association. www.urologyhealth.org/print/index.cfm?topic=96. Accessed Oct. 14, 2008.
- Zaslau S. Hypospadias. In: Zaslau S. SOAP for Urology. Baltimore, Md.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2006:118-119.
- McKee-Garrett TM, et al. Examination of the newborn. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Oct. 14, 2008.
- Cooper CS, et al. Urology. In: Doherty GM, et al. Current Surgical Diagnosis & Treatment. 12th ed. USA: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2006. www.accessmedicine.com/popup.aspx?aID=2069265&print=yes. Accessed Oct. 13, 2008.
- Conte FA, et al. Disorders of sexual determination & differentiation. In: Gardner DG, et al. Greenspan's Basic & Clinical Endocrinology. 8th ed. USA: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2007. www.accessmedicine.com/popup.aspx?aID=2633104&print=yes. Accessed Oct. 14, 2008.
