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Definition
By Mayo Clinic staffHypoxemia, or low blood oxygen, describes a lower than normal level of oxygen in your blood. In order to function properly, your body needs a certain level of oxygen circulating in the blood to cells and tissues. When this level of oxygen falls below a certain amount, hypoxemia occurs and you may experience shortness of breath.
Your doctor determines whether you have hypoxemia by measuring your blood oxygen level — the amount of oxygen traveling in your arteries. Your blood oxygen can be measured by testing a sample of blood from an artery.
An approximate blood oxygen level can also be estimated using a pulse oximeter — a small device that clips on your finger. Though the pulse oximeter actually measures the saturation of oxygen in your blood, the results are often used as an estimate of blood oxygen levels. Normal pulse oximeter readings range from 95 to 100 percent, under most circumstances. Values under 90 percent are considered low.
- Barrett KE, et al. Ganong's Review of Medical Physiology. 24th ed. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2012. http://www.accessmedicine.com/resourceTOC.aspx?resourceID=741. Accessed Nov. 2, 2012.
- Tintinalli JE, et al. Tintinalli's Emergency Medicine: A Comprehensive Study Guide. 7th ed. New York, N.Y.: The McGraw-Hill Companies; 2011. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=6351736. Accessed Nov. 2, 2012.
- Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF, ARDS). The Merck Manuals: The Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals. http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/print/critical_care_medicine/respiratory_failure_and_mechanical_ventilation/acute_hypoxemic_respiratory_failure_ahrf_ards.html. Accessed Nov. 2, 2012.
- Kent BD, et al. Hypoxemia in patients with COPD: Cause, effects, and disease progression. International Journal of COPD. 2011;6:199.
- Nussbaumer-Ochsner Y, et al. Sleep and breathing in high altitude pulmonary edema susceptible subjects at 4,559 meters. Sleep. 2012;35:1413.
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