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Definition
By Mayo Clinic staffHypoxemia, or low blood oxygen, describes a lower than normal level of oxygen in your blood. In order to function properly, your body needs a constant level of oxygen circulating in the blood to cells and tissues. When this level of oxygen falls below a certain amount, hypoxemia occurs and you may experience shortness of breath.
Your doctor determines whether you have hypoxemia by measuring your blood oxygen level — the amount of oxygen traveling in your arteries. Your blood oxygen can be measured by testing a sample of blood from an artery.
An approximate blood oxygen level can also be determined using a pulse oximeter — a small device that clips on your finger. Though the pulse oximeter actually measures the saturation of oxygen in your blood, the results are often used as an estimate of blood oxygen levels. Normal pulse oximeter readings range from 95 to 100 percent, under most circumstances. Values under 90 percent are considered low.
- Valdez-Lowe C, et al. Pulse oximetry in adults. American Journal of Nursing. 2009;109:52.
- Wagner PD, et al. Ventilation, blood flow and gas exchange. In: Mason RJ, et al. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders; 2010. http://www.mdconsult.com/book/player/book.do?method=display&type=aboutPage&decorator=header&eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-4710-0..C2009-0-37805-8--TOP&isbn=978-1-4160-4710-0&uniq=209587453#lpState=open&lpTab=contentsTab&content=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-4710-0..C2009-0-37805-8--TOP%3Bfrom%3Dcontent%3Bisbn%3D978-1-4160-4710-0%3Btype%3DbookHome. Accessed July 13, 2010.
- Theodore AC. Oxygenation and mechanisms of hypoxemia. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed July 13, 2010.
- Treacher DF, et al. ABC of oxygen. BMJ. 1998;317:1302.
- Signs and symptoms of COPD. American Thoracic Society. http://patients.thoracic.org/information-series/en/resources/signs-and-symptoms-of-copd.pdf. Accessed July 14, 2010.
- Hackett PH, et al. High-altitude medicine. In: Auerbach PS. Wilderness Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby; 2007. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/209731653-3/0/1483/0.html. Accessed July 14, 2010.
- Ghamande SA, et al. Sleep apnea. In: Bope ET, et al. Conn's Current Therapy 2010. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders; 2009. http://www.mdconsult.com/book/player/book.do?method=display&type=bookPage&decorator=header&eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-6642-2..00004-1--sc0030&displayedEid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-6642-2..00004-1--s0535&uniq=209731653&isbn=978-1-4160-6642-2#lpState=open&lpTab=contentsTab&content=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-6642-2..C2009-0-38983-7--TOP%3Bfrom%3Dcontent%3Bisbn%3D978-1-4160-6642-2%3Btype%3DbookHome. July 14, 2010.
- Wilkinson JM (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. July 19, 2010.
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