Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

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Definition

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), also called immune thrombocytopenic purpura, is a bleeding disorder in which your blood has difficulty clotting due to an unusually low number of platelets. Platelets (thrombocytes) are colorless blood cells that stop blood loss by clumping together at the site of a blood vessel injury and forming plugs in vessel holes.

People with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, because of their low platelet count, tend to bruise easily and bleed longer when injured. Nosebleeds and bleeding gums also are common.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is often divided into two categories: acute and chronic. Acute ITP is the most common form and occurs most frequently in children, typically after a viral infection. It usually goes away on its own within six months. Chronic ITP lasts longer than six months and is more common in adults.

Treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura depends on your signs and symptoms and platelet count. If no bleeding problems are present and the platelet count isn't too low, treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura usually isn't necessary. The goal of treatment for both children and adults is to create a safe platelet count and avoid bleeding complications. Treatment may include the use of medications and, in some cases, surgery.

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