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continued:

Infant formula: Your questions answered

Is it important to buy iron-fortified infant formula?

Yes. Your baby needs iron to grow and develop, especially during infancy. If you're not breast-feeding, using iron-fortified formula is the easiest way to provide this essential nutrient.

What about enhanced infant formula?

Some infant formulas are enhanced with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA). These are omega-3 fatty acids found in breast milk and certain foods, such as fish and eggs. Some studies suggest that including DHA and ARA in infant formula can help infant eyesight and brain development, but other research has shown no benefit.

In addition, many infant formulas include pre- and probiotics — substances that promote the presence of healthy bacteria in the intestines — in an effort to mimic the immune benefits of breast milk. Early studies are encouraging, but long-term benefits of these substances are unknown.

If you're unsure about enhanced infant formula, ask your child's doctor for guidance.

How important is the expiration date on infant formula?

Don't buy or use outdated infant formula. If the expiration date has passed, you can't be sure of the formula's quality.

While checking the expiration date, also inspect the condition of the formula container. Don't buy or use formula from containers with bulges, dents, leaks or rust spots. Formula in a damaged container may be unsafe.

How long should a child drink infant formula?

Infant formula is generally recommended until age 1, followed by whole milk until age 2 — but talk to your child's doctor for specific guidance. Reduced-fat or skim milk generally isn't appropriate before age 2 because it doesn't have enough calories or fat to promote early development.

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References
  1. Feeding infants: A guide for use in the child nutrition programs. U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.fns.usda.gov/tn/Resources/feeding_infants.pdf. Accessed Oct. 19, 2012.
  2. Kliegman RM, et al. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 19th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2011. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/208746819-6/0/1608/0.html. Accessed Oct. 19, 2012.
  3. FDA 101: Infant formula. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm048694.htm. Accessed Oct. 19, 2012.
  4. Do "house brand" or generic infant formulas differ nutritionally from name brand formulas? U.S. Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/Product-SpecificInformation/InfantFormula/ConsumerInformationAboutInfantFormula/ucm108141.htm. Accessed Oct. 19, 2012.
  5. What does the "use by" date mean on infant formula product labels? U.S. Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/Product-SpecificInformation/InfantFormula/ConsumerInformationAboutInfantFormula/ucm108155.htm. Accessed Oct. 19, 2012.
  6. What is the evidence that addition of DHA and ARA to infant formulas is beneficial? U.S. Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/Product-SpecificInformation/InfantFormula/ConsumerInformationAboutInfantFormula/ucm108560.htm. Accessed Oct. 19, 2012.
  7. Why is there interest in adding DHA and ARA to infant formulas? U.S. Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/Food/FoodSafety/Product-SpecificInformation/InfantFormula/ConsumerInformationAboutInfantFormula/ucm108558.htm. Accessed Oct. 19, 2012.
  8. Morrow AL. Choosing an infant or pediatric formula. Journal of Pediatric Health Care. 2004;18:49.
  9. Wright K, et al. Formula supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA): A critical review of the research. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing. 2006;11:100.
  10. Indrio F, et al. Effect of a fermented formula on thymus size and stool pH in healthy term infants. Pediatric Research. 2007;62:98.
  11. Weizman Z, et al. Effect of a probiotic infant formula on infections in child care centers: Comparison of two probiotic agents. Pediatrics. 2005;115:5.
  12. Kleinman RE. Pediatric Nutrition Handbook. 6th ed. Elk Grove Village, Ill.: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2009:61.
  13. Chung CS, et al. FDA's health claim review: Whey-protein partially hydrolyzed infant formula and atopic dermatitis. Pediatrics. 2012;130:1.
  14. Holt K, et al. Bright Futures Nutrition. 3rd ed. Elk Grove, Ill: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2011:69.
  15. Qawasmi A, et al. Meta-analysis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation of formula and infant cognition. Pediatrics. 2012;129:1141.
  16. Fleischer DM. Introducing formula and solid foods to infants at risk for allergic disease. http://www.uptodate.com/index. Accessed Oct. 19, 2012.
PR00058 Jan. 19, 2013

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