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Definition
By Mayo Clinic staffInfectious diseases are disorders caused by organisms — such as bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Many microorganisms colonize in and on our bodies. They're normally harmless or even helpful, but under certain conditions may cause disease.
Some infectious diseases can be passed from person to person. Some, however, are transmitted via bites from insects or animals. Others are acquired by ingesting contaminated food or water or other exposures in the environment.
Signs and symptoms of infectious diseases vary, but often include fever and chills. Mild complaints may respond to home remedies, while some life-threatening infections may require hospitalization and intravenous antibiotics.
Many infectious diseases, such as measles and chickenpox, can be prevented by vaccines. Frequent and thorough hand-washing also helps protect you from infectious diseases.
- Understanding microbes in sickness and in health. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. http://www.niaid.nih.gov/topics/microbes/documents/microbesbook.pdf. Accessed June 3, 2011.
- Facts about infectious diseases. Infectious Diseases Society of America. http://www.idsociety.org/factsaboutid.html. Accessed June 3, 2011.
- Routes of transmission. In: Mandell GL, et al. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2010. http://www.mdconsult.com/books/page.do?sid=1166387393&eid=4-u1.0-B978-0-443-06839-3..00013-8--s0105&isbn=978-0-443-06839-3&uniqId=254689631-5#4-u1.0-B978-0-443-06839-3..00013-8--s0105. Accessed June 3, 2011.
- Anti-infective therapy. In: Mandell GL, et al. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2010. http://www.mdconsult.com/books/page.do?eid=4-u1.0-B978-0-443-06839-3..00018-7&isbn=978-0-443-06839-3&uniqId=254689631-5#4-u1.0-B978-0-443-06839-3..X0001-X--s40. Accessed June 3, 2011.
- Infectious disease report. World Health Organization. http://www.who.int/infectious-disease-report/pages/ch1text.html. Accessed June 3, 2011.
- An ounce of prevention keeps the germs away. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ounceofprevention/docs/oop_brochure_eng.pdf. Accessed June 3, 2011.
- Johnson KS, et al. Lumbar puncture: Technique; indications; contraindications; and complications in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed June 2, 2011.
- Oehler RL, et al. "Down boy!" Infectious diseases spread by cats and dogs. Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice. 2009;17:298.
- Curtis V, et al. Hygiene: New hopes, new horizons. The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 2011;11:312.
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