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    Timothy Moynihan, M.D.

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Question

Testicular microlithiasis: Is it associated with testicular cancer?

Is testicular microlithiasis associated with testicular cancer?

Answer

from Timothy Moynihan, M.D.

Testicular microlithiasis refers to small clusters of calcium seen on ultrasound examination of the testicles. The relationship between testicular microlithiasis and testicular cancer is uncertain.

Testicular microlithiasis is uncommon and has many possible causes, such as infections and injury. Most studies of testicular microlithiasis have evaluated men who have had testicular ultrasounds done for some other reason, such as swelling, pain or infertility. In these studies, there appears to be a small association between microlithiasis and testicular cancer. But there's not enough evidence to be certain that the microlithiasis caused cancer.

Few studies of healthy men with no symptoms have been conducted. But results indicate that testicular microlithiasis is much more common than is testicular cancer. This has lead researchers to believe microlithiasis is unlikely to increase an otherwise healthy man's risk of testicular cancer.

If testicular microlithiasis is noted on an ultrasound done for some other reason, your doctor may recommend that you do regular testicular self-exams and make an appointment if you find any usual lumps. If you have other risk factors for testicular cancer, your doctor may recommend close follow-up with annual testicular ultrasound scans.

References
  1. Costabile RA. How worrisome is testicular microlithiasis? Current Opinion in Urology. 2007;17:419.
  2. Jaganathan K, et al. Current management strategies for testicular microlithiasis. Nature Clinical Practice Urology. 2007;4:492.
  3. Peterson AC. The prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in an asymptomatic population of men 18 to 35 years old. The Journal of Urology. 2001;166:2061.
  4. Serter S, et al. Prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in an asymptomatic population. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. 2006;40:212.
  5. DeCastro BJ, et al. A 5-year followup study of asymptomatic men with testicular microlithiasis. The Journal of Urology. 2008;179:1420.

AN01538

Jan. 31, 2009

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