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Risk factors
By Mayo Clinic staffMitral valve stenosis is less common today than it was several decades ago because the most common cause, rheumatic fever, has largely been eradicated in the United States. However, rheumatic fever remains a frequent problem in countries where antibiotic use isn't as common.
Risk factors for mitral valve stenosis include a history of rheumatic fever and recurrent strep infections. Radiation treatment involving the chest can result in mitral valve stenosis. Other unusual causes of mitral valve stenosis include medications, such as ergot preparations used for migraines.
- Otto CM. Pathophysiology and clinical features of mitral stenosis. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed July 3, 2009.
- Carabello BA. Valvular heart disease. In: Goldman L, et al., eds. Goldman: Cecil Medicine. 23rd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2007. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/148441160-6/860446560/1492/318.html#4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-2805-5..50080-X_3105. Accessed July 3, 2009.
- Ferri FF. Mitral stenosis. In: Ferri FF. Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2009. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby; 2008. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/148441160-8/860527324/1701/373.html#4-u1.0-B978-0-323-04134-8..50016-1--cesec452_7951. Accessed July 3, 2009.
- Mitral stenosis. The Merck Manuals: The Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec07/ch076/ch076f.html. Accessed July 3, 2009.
- Sorrentino MJ. Medical management and indications for intervention in mitral stenosis. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed July 3, 2009.
- Sorrentino MJ. Surgical management of mitral stenosis. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed July 3, 2009.
- Am I at risk of developing arrhythmias? American Heart Association. http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=562. Accessed July 3, 2009.
- Ardehali R, et al. Valvular heart disease. In: Nilsson KR, et al. The Osler Medical Handbook. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2006. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/148441160-4/860446560/1387/28.html#4-u1.0-B0-323-03748-8..50017-8_181. Accessed July 3, 2009.
- Living with arrhythmia. American Heart Association. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/arr/arr_livingwith.html. Accessed July 3, 2009.
- Grogan M (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. July 19, 2009.
