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    James M. Steckelberg, M.D.

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Question

Mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr: What's the connection?

What's the connection between mononucleosis and Epstein-Barr virus?

Answer

from James M. Steckelberg, M.D.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a widespread human herpes virus, can cause mononucleosis — but usually, it doesn't. In fact, most EBV infections aren't noticeable, even when they're most active in your body. By age 35, almost everyone has antibodies to EBV, indicating past infection.

It takes more than an uncovered cough or sneeze to transmit EBV. During primary infection, people shed the virus in saliva. You need close contact, such as kissing or sharing a cup with an infected person, to catch EBV.

The infection generally causes no signs or symptoms, except in teenagers and young adults. In that age group, up to half of EBV infections cause mononucleosis — a disease that features fatigue, headache, fever, sore throat and swollen lymph nodes.

Next question
Mononucleosis: Can it recur?
References
  1. Epstein-Barr virus and infectious mononucleosis. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/diseases/ebv.htm. Accessed Sept. 20, 2011.
  2. Sullivan JL. Clinical manifestations and treatment of Epstein-Barr virus. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Sept. 20, 2011.
AN00661 Nov. 22, 2011

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