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Risk factors
By Mayo Clinic staffMultiple myeloma isn't contagious. Most people who develop multiple myeloma have no clearly identifiable risk factors for the disease.
Some factors that may increase your risk of multiple myeloma include:
- Age. The majority of people who develop multiple myeloma are older than 50, with most diagnosed in their mid-60s. Few cases occur in people younger than 40.
- Sex. Men are more likely to develop the disease than are women.
- Race. Blacks are about twice as likely to develop multiple myeloma as are whites.
- History of a monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance. Every year 1 percent of the people with MGUS in the United States develop multiple myeloma.
- Obesity. Your risk of multiple myeloma is increased if you're overweight or obese.
Other factors that may increase your risk of developing multiple myeloma include exposure to radiation and working in petroleum-related industries.
- Rajkumar SV, et al. Multiple myeloma and related disorders. In: Abeloff MD, et al. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Churchill Livingstone; 2008. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/145977116-5/856340478/1709/160.html#4-u1.0-B978-0-443-06694-8..50114-7_4940. Accessed June 12, 2009.
- Konrad CN, et al. Multiple myeloma: Diagnosis and treatment. American Family Physician. 2008;78:853.
- Rajkumar SV. Initial chemotherapy for patients with high risk multiple myeloma. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed June 12, 2009.
- Rajkumar SV. Initial chemotherapy for symptomatic multiple myeloma in patients who are not candidates for transplantation. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed June 12, 2009.
- Treatment of the complications of multiple myeloma. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed June 12, 2009.
- Detailed guide: Multiple myeloma. Chemotherapy and other drugs. American Cancer Society. Accessed June 12, 2009.
- Multiple myeloma: Moving on after treatment. American Cancer Society. Accessed June 12, 2009.
- Richardson PG, et al. Management strategies for relapsed multiple myeloma: Therapy in practice. American Journal of Cancer. 2006;5:393.
- Detailed guide: Multiple myeloma. What are the risk factors for multiple myeloma? American Cancer Society. Accessed June 12, 2009.
- Multiple myeloma: What are some questions I can ask my doctor? American Cancer Society. Accessed June 12, 2009.
- Integrative medicine & complementary and alternative therapies as part of blood cancer care. The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. http://www.leukemia-lymphoma.org/attachments/National/br_1150734030.pdf. Accessed June 12, 2009.
- Complementary and alternative methods for cancer management. American Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.org/docroot/ETO/content/ETO_5_1_Introduction.asp. Accessed June 12, 2009.
- Rajkumar SV (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. July 8, 2008.
