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Causes
By Mayo Clinic staffMost cases of osteomyelitis are caused by staphylococcus bacteria, a type of germ commonly found on the skin or in the nose of even healthy individuals.
Germs can enter a bone in a variety of ways, including:
- Via the bloodstream. Germs in other parts of your body — for example, from pneumonia or a urinary tract infection — can travel through your bloodstream to a weakened spot in a bone. In children, osteomyelitis most commonly occurs in the softer areas, called growth plates, at either end of the long bones of the arms and legs.
- From a nearby infection. Severe puncture wounds can carry germs deep inside your body. If such an injury becomes infected, the germs can spread into a nearby bone.
- Direct contamination. This may occur if you have broken a bone so severely that part of it is sticking out through your skin. Direct contamination also can occur during surgeries to replace joints or repair fractures.
References
- Fort GG, et al. Osteomyelitis. In: Ferri FF. Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2010. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby Elsevier; 2009. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/191358793-4/974051922/2088/463.html#4-u1.0-B978-0-323-05609-0..00024-1--sc0070_9510. Accessed March 26, 2010.
- Chihara S, et al. Osteomyelitis. Disease-a-Month. 2010;56:6.
- Lalani T. Overview of osteomyelitis in adults. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed March 26, 2010.
- Infections. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=A00197. Accessed March 26, 2010.
- Berbari EF, et al. Osteomyelitis. In: Mandell GL, et al. Mandell, Douglas and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2009. http://www.mdconsult.com/book/player/book.do?method=display&type=bookPage&decorator=header&eid=4-u1.0-B978-0-443-06839-3..00103-X&uniq=191840490&isbn=978-0-443-06839-3#lpState=opened&lpTab=contentsTab&content=4-u1.0-B978-0-443-06839-3..00103-X%3Btype%3DbookPage%3Bisbn%3D978-0-443-06839-3. Accessed March 29, 2010.
- Dabov DB. Amputation for osteomyelitis. In: Canale ST, et al. Campbell's Operative Orthopaedics. 11th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby Elsevier; 2007. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/191847540-7/0/1584/111.html?tocnode=55686605&fromURL=111.html. Accessed March 29, 2010.
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