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Causes
By Mayo Clinic staffIt's not known what causes panic attacks or panic disorder. Things that may play a role include:
- Genetics
- Stress
- Certain changes in the way parts of your brain function
Some research suggests that your body's natural fight-or-flight response to danger is involved in panic attacks. For example, if a grizzly bear came after you, your body would react instinctively. Your heart rate and breathing would speed up as your body prepared itself for a life-threatening situation. Many of the same reactions occur in a panic attack. But it's not known why a panic attack occurs when there's no obvious danger present.
- Panic attack. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR. 4th ed. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association; 2000. http://www.psychiatryonline.com. Accessed Jan. 14, 2010.
- Hollander E, et al. In: Hales RE, et al., eds. The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry. 5th ed. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association; 2008. Accessed Jan. 14, 2010.
- Ciechanowski P, et al. Overview of panic disorder. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Jan. 14, 2010.
- Panic disorder. National Institute of Mental Health. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/anxiety-disorders/panic-disorder.shtml. Accessed Jan. 14, 2010.
- Davies RD. Panic attacks and panic disorder. In: Jacobson JL, et al. Psychiatric Secrets. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Hanley & Belfus, Inc.; 2001. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/178504199-14/0/1167/34.html?tocnode=49274996&fromURL=34.html#4-u1.0-B1-56053-418-4..50017-0_289. Accessed Jan. 14, 2010.
- Answers to your questions about panic disorder. American Psychological Association. http://www.apa.org/topics/anxiety/panic-disorder.aspx. Accessed Jan. 14, 2010.
- American Psychiatric Association Practice Guidelines for the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association. http://www.psychiatryonline.com/pracGuide/pracGuideTopic_9.aspx. Accessed Jan. 14, 2010.
- Kinrys G, et al. Natural remedies for anxiety disorders: Potential use and clinical applications. Depression and Anxiety. 2009;26:259.
- Saeed SA, et al. Herbal and dietary supplements for treatment of anxiety disorders. American Family Physician. 2007;76:549.
- Hall-Flavin, DK (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Jan. 16, 2010.
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