• image.alt
  • With Mayo Clinic psychiatrist

    Daniel K. Hall-Flavin, M.D.

    read biography
Please read: Important 2013 cancer research update from Dr. Michael Camilleri

Free

E-newsletter

Subscribe to Housecall

Our weekly general interest
e-newsletter keeps you up to date on a wide variety of health topics.

Sign up now

Question

Passive-aggressive behavior: What are the red flags?

What are the signs and symptoms of passive-aggressive behavior?

Answer

from Daniel K. Hall-Flavin, M.D.

Passive-aggressive behavior is a pattern of indirectly expressing negative feelings instead of openly addressing them. There's a disconnect between what a passive-aggressive person says and what he or she does. For a passive-aggressive person, true feelings are shared through actions, not words.

For example, a passive-aggressive person might appear to agree — perhaps even enthusiastically — with another person's request. Rather than completing the task, however, he or she might express anger or resentment by missing deadlines, showing up late to meetings, making excuses or even working against the task.

Specific signs and symptoms of passive-aggressive behavior include:

  • Resentment and opposition to the demands of others
  • Complaining about feeling underappreciated or cheated
  • Procrastination
  • Stubbornness
  • Inefficiency
  • Memory lapses
  • Sullenness
  • Irritability
  • Cynical or hostile attitude

Although passive-aggressive behavior can be a feature of various mental health conditions, it isn't considered a mental illness. If passive-aggressive behavior is interfering with your relationships or daily activities, consult a therapist who can help you identify and try to change your behavior.

Next question
Shift work: Improving daytime sleep
References
  1. Janowski D. Personality disorders. In: Ebert MH, et al. Current Diagnosis and Treatment: Psychiatry. 2nd ed. New York, N.Y.: McGraw Hill Medical; 2008:513.
  2. Passive-aggressive personality disorder. In: Moore DP, et al. Handbook of Medical Psychiatry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby; 2004. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/120944127-3/805556129/1243/145.html#4-u1.0-B0-323-02911-6..50145-7_1345. Accessed Nov. 23, 2010.
  3. Controlling anger before it controls you. American Psychological Association. http://www.apa.org/topics/anger/control.aspx#. Accessed Nov. 24, 2010.
  4. Hopwood CJ, et al. The construct validity of passive-aggressive personality disorder. Psychiatry. 2009;72:256.
AN01563 March 9, 2011

© 1998-2013 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). All rights reserved. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.com," "EmbodyHealth," "Enhance your life," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research.

  • Reprints
  • Print
  • Share on:

  • Email

Advertisement


Text Size: smaller largerlarger