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Second trimester (8)
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Third trimester (10)
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Pregnancy diet: Focus on these essential nutrients
Protein — Promote growth
Protein is crucial for your baby's growth, especially during the second and third trimesters.
How much you need: 71 grams a day.
Good sources: Lean meat, poultry, fish and eggs are great sources of protein. Other options include dried beans and peas, tofu, dairy products and peanut butter.
| Food | Serving size | Protein content |
|---|---|---|
| Cottage cheese | 1 cup (226 grams) low-fat, 1% milk cottage cheese | 28 grams |
| Poultry | 1/2 (86 grams) boneless, skinless roasted chicken breast | 26.7 grams |
| Fish | 3 ounces (85 grams) canned pink salmon with bones | 16.8 grams |
| Lentils | 1/2 cup (99 grams) boiled lentils | 8.9 grams |
| Milk | 1 cup (237 milliliters) skim milk | 8.3 grams |
| Peanut butter | 2 tablespoons (32 grams) smooth, vitamin- and mineral-fortified peanut butter | 8.2 grams |
| Eggs | 1 large hard-boiled egg (50 grams) | 6.3 grams |
Source: USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23
Iron — Prevent anemia
Your body uses iron to make hemoglobin, a protein in the red blood cells that carries oxygen to your tissues. During pregnancy your blood volume expands to accommodate changes in your body and help your baby make his or her entire blood supply — doubling your need for iron.
If you don't get enough iron, you may become fatigued and more susceptible to infections. The risk of preterm delivery and low birth weight also may be higher.
How much you need: 27 milligrams a day.
Good sources: Lean red meat, poultry and fish are good sources of iron. Other options include iron-fortified breakfast cereals, nuts and dried fruit.
| Food | Serving size | Iron content |
|---|---|---|
| Cereal | 3/4 cup (15 to 45 grams) 100 percent iron-fortified ready-to-eat cereal | 18 milligrams |
| Beans | 1 cup (177 grams) boiled kidney beans | 3.9 milligrams |
| Spinach | 1/2 cup (90 grams) boiled spinach | 3.2 milligrams |
| Meat | 3 ounces (85 grams) roasted lean beef tenderloin | 2.6 milligrams |
| Poultry | 1/2 cup (70 grams) roasted dark turkey | 1.6 milligrams |
Source: USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23
Prenatal vitamins typically contain iron. In some cases, your health care provider might recommend a separate iron supplement.
The iron from animal products, such as meat, is most easily absorbed. To enhance the absorption of iron from plant sources and supplements, pair them with a food or drink high in vitamin C — such as orange juice, tomato juice or strawberries. If you take iron supplements with orange juice, avoid the calcium-fortified variety. Although calcium is an essential nutrient during pregnancy, calcium can decrease iron absorption.
Supplements — Ask your health care provider
Even if you eat a healthy diet, you can miss out on key nutrients. Taking a daily prenatal vitamin — ideally starting three months before conception — can help fill any gaps. Your health care provider might recommend special supplements if you follow a strict vegetarian diet or have a chronic health condition. If you're considering taking an herbal supplement during pregnancy, consult your health care provider first.
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- Dietary supplement fact sheet: Folate. National Institutes of Health. http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/folate/. Accessed Jan. 19, 2011.
- Dietary supplement fact sheet: Iron. National Institutes of Health. http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Iron-HealthProfessional/. Accessed Jan. 19, 2011.
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- USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23. U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12354500/Data/SR23/nutrlist/sr23a435.pdf. Accessed Feb. 15, 2011.
- USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23. U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12354500/Data/SR23/nutrlist/sr23a303.pdf. Accessed Feb. 15, 2011.
- Committee to Reexamine IOM Pregnancy Weight Guidelines, Food and Nutrition Board, and Board on Children, Youth and Families. Weight gain during pregnancy: Reexamining the guidelines. Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. http://www.nap.edu. Accessed Jan. 19, 2011.
- Zeratsky KA (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. March 3, 2011.
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- Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. http://www.cnpp.usda.gov/DGAs2010-PolicyDocument.htm. Accessed March 30, 2011.
- USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, Release 23. U.S. Department of Agriculture. http://www.ars.usda.gov/SP2UserFiles/Place/12354500/Data/SR23/nutrlist/sr23a324.pdf. Accessed April 12, 2011.
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