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Risk factors
By Mayo Clinic staffThe following stimulants, conditions and triggers may increase your risk of premature ventricular contractions:
- Caffeine
- Alcohol use
- Tobacco use
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Anxiety
- Underlying heart disease, including congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, heart attack, myocarditis and cardiomyopathy
References
- Yealy DM, et al. Dysrhythmias. In: Marx JA, et al, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 6th ed. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby; 2006. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/130129214-4/826148372/1365/221.html#4-u1.0-B0-323-02845-4..50083-4_3679. Accessed April 2, 2009.
- Arrhythmias. In: Libby P, et al, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 8th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2007. http://www.mdconsult.com/book/player/book.do?method=display&type=bookPage&decorator=header&eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-4106-1..50054-6--cesec188&displayedEid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-4106-1..50054-6--cesec196&uniq=130129214&isbn=978-1-4160-4106-1&sid=826147556. Accessed April 2, 2009.
- Podrid PJ. Clinical significance and treatment of ventricular premature beats. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed April 2, 2009.
- Arrhythmia. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/arr/arr_whatis.html. Accessed April 2, 2009.
- Martin DT. Arrhythmias. In: Noble J, et al. Noble: Textbook of Primary Care Medicine. 3rd ed. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby; 2001. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/130129214-5/826149799/959/391.html#4-u1.0-B0-323-00828-3..50066-2_1733. Accessed April 2, 2009.
