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Prenatal vitamins: Give your baby the best start

Are prenatal vitamins really necessary during pregnancy? You bet! Prenatal vitamins are an important part of pregnancy nutrition. Here's why you need them, when to start taking them and more.

By Mayo Clinic staff

A healthy diet is the best way to get the vitamins and minerals you need — but even if you eat healthfully every day, you may fall short on key nutrients. If you're pregnant or hoping to conceive, prenatal vitamins can help fill any gaps.

How are prenatal vitamins different from other vitamins?

Most prenatal vitamins contain more folic acid, calcium and iron than do standard adult multivitamins. It's still important to eat nutritious foods, but prenatal vitamins can help ensure you're getting enough of these essential nutrients during pregnancy.

Here's why it matters:

  • Folic acid helps prevent neural tube defects. These defects are serious abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord.
  • Calcium promotes strong bones and teeth for both mother and baby. Calcium also helps your circulatory, muscular and nervous systems run normally.
  • Iron supports the development of blood and muscle cells for both mother and baby. Iron helps prevent anemia, a condition in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells.
  • Prenatal vitamins may reduce the risk of low birth weight. Some research suggests that prenatal vitamins decrease the risk of low birth weight.

Do I need to be concerned about other nutrients?

Standard prenatal vitamins don't include omega-3 fatty acids, which help promote a baby's brain development. If you're unable or choose not to eat fish or other foods high in omega-3 fatty acids, your health care provider may recommend omega-3 fatty acid supplements in addition to prenatal vitamins.

Vitamin D is important as well — especially during the third trimester, when calcium demands increase. Most prenatal vitamins don't contain optimal amounts of vitamin D, however. In addition to your prenatal vitamin, drink vitamin D-fortified low-fat milk or other calcium-rich foods containing vitamin D. If you don't drink milk or eat calcium-rich foods, talk to your health care provider about calcium and vitamin D supplements.

Do prenatal vitamins require a prescription?

Prenatal vitamins are available over-the-counter in nearly any pharmacy. Some prenatal vitamins require a prescription, however. Your health care provider may recommend a specific brand of prenatal vitamins or leave the choice up to you.

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References
  1. Gillen-Goldstein J, et al. Nutrition in pregnancy. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Nov. 19, 2009.
  2. Sackey JA. Preconception evaluation and counseling. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Nov. 19, 2009.
  3. Hochberg L, et al. Prevention of neural tube defects. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Nov. 19, 2009.
  4. Smith JA, et al. Treatment of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy (hyperemesis gravidarum and morning sickness). http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Nov. 19, 2009.
  5. Problems of the digestive system. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. http://www.acog.org/publications/patient_education/bp120.cfm. Accessed Nov. 19, 2009.
  6. Mulligan ML, et al. Implications of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and lactation. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. In press. Accessed Nov. 19, 2009.
  7. Dietary supplement fact sheet: Calcium. Office of Dietary Supplements. http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov/factsheets/calcium.asp#h2. Accessed Nov. 19, 2009.
  8. Newton ER. Breast-feeding. In: Gabbe SG. Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier; 2007. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/172388158-3/919406837/1528/222.html#4-u1.0-B978-0-443-06930-7..50024-4--cesec13_1113. Accessed Nov. 19, 2009.
  9. Shah PS, et al. Effects of prenatal multimicronutrient supplementation on pregnancy outcomes: A meta-analysis. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2009;180:E99.
  10. Oken E. Risks and benefits of fish consumption and fish oil supplements during pregnancy. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Nov. 19, 2009.
  11. Murry MM (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Dec. 9, 2009.
  12. Zeratsky KA (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Dec. 14, 2009.
  13. Katz VL. Prenatal care. In: Gibbs RS, et al. Danforth's Obstetrics and Gynecology. 10th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008. http://www.danforthsobgyn.com/pt/re/gibbs/bookcontent.01337156-10th_Edition-3.htm;jsessionid=LmgGBL4YrB0TM6wv5ngGzCst3JQhQkLpzkzgSjyy5Gq4Z8nSYyVv!-1668553605!181195629!8091!-1!1260806308613. Accessed Dec. 14, 2009.
PR00160 March 20, 2010

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