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Prevention
By Mayo Clinic staffYou can reduce your risk of prostate cancer if you:
- Choose a healthy diet full of fruits and vegetables. Avoid high-fat foods and instead focus on choosing a variety of fruits, vegetables and whole grains. Fruits and vegetables contain many vitamins and nutrients that can contribute to your health. One nutrient that is consistently linked to prostate cancer prevention is lycopene, which can be found in raw or cooked tomatoes. Whether you can prevent prostate cancer through diet has yet to be conclusively proven. But eating a healthy diet with a variety of fruits and vegetables can improve your overall health.
- Choose healthy foods over supplements. No studies have shown that supplements play a role in reducing your risk of prostate cancer risk. While there has been some interest in vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin C, vitamin E and selenium, to lower prostate cancer risk, studies haven't found a benefit to taking supplements to create high levels of these nutrients in your body. Instead, choose foods that are rich in vitamins and minerals so that you can maintain healthy levels of vitamins in your body.
- Exercise most days of the week. Exercise improves your overall health, helps you maintain your weight and improves your mood. There is some evidence that the men who get the most exercise have a lower incidence of prostate cancer when compared with men who get little or no exercise. Try to exercise most days of the week. If you're new to exercise, start slow and work your way up to more exercise time each day.
- Maintain a healthy weight. If your current weight is healthy, work to maintain it by exercising most days of the week. If you need to lose weight, add more exercise and reduce the number of calories you eat each day. Ask your doctor for help creating a plan for healthy weight loss.
- Talk to your doctor about increased risk of prostate cancer. Men with a high risk of prostate cancer may consider medications or other treatments to reduce their risk. Some studies suggest that taking 5-alpha reductase inhibitors including finasteride (Propecia, Proscar) and dutasteride (Avodart) may reduce the overall risk of developing prostate cancer in men age 55 and older. These drugs are currently used to control prostate gland enlargement and hair loss in men. However, the Food and Drug Administration has warned that in some men these medications may actually increase the risk of getting a more serious form of prostate cancer (high-grade prostate cancer). If you’re concerned about your risk of developing prostate cancer, talk with your doctor.
References
- Nelson WG, et al. Prostate cancer. In: Abeloff MD, et al. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Churchill Livingstone; 2008:1653.
- Prostate cancer. Fort Washington, Pa.: National Comprehensive Cancer Network. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/prostate.pdf. Accessed Jan. 6, 2010.
- What you need to know about prostate cancer. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/prostate/allpages/print. Accessed Jan. 7, 2010.
- Loeb S, et al. Risk factors, prevention and early detection of prostate cancer. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice. 2009;36:603.
- Prostate cancer early detection. Fort Washington, Pa.: National Comprehensive Cancer Network. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/prostate_detection.pdf. Accessed Jan. 6, 2010.
- Prostate cancer prevention (PDQ) health professional version. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/prostate/healthprofessional/allpages/print. Accessed Jan. 7, 2010.
- Urinary dysfunction. Prostate Cancer Foundation. http://www.prostatecancerfoundation.org/side_effects/urinary_dysfunction. Accessed Jan. 11, 2010.
- Erectile dysfunction. Prostate Cancer Foundation. http://www.prostatecancerfoundation.org/side_effects/erectile_dysfunction. Accessed Jan. 11, 2010.
- Surgical management of prostate cancer. American Urological Association Foundation. http://www.urologyhealth.org/adult/index.cfm?cat=04&topic=130. Accessed Jan. 11, 2010.
- McClure MW. Prostate cancer. In: Rakel D. Integrative Medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2007. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/178018505-4/0/1494/0.html. Accessed Jan. 11, 2010.
- Distress management. Fort Washington, Pa.: National Comprehensive Cancer Network. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/distress.pdf. Accessed Jan. 11, 2010.
- Castle EP (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale/Phoenix, Ariz. Jan. 23, 2010.
- Dawson NA. Overview of treatment for advanced prostate cancer. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Jan. 25, 2010.
- Cryoablation for prostate cancer. UrologyHealthy.org. http://www.urologyhealth.org/adult/index.cfm?cat=04&topic=42. Accessed Jan. 25, 2010.
- Ahmed HU, et al. Minimally-invasive technologies in uro-oncology: The role of cryotherapy, HIFU and photodynamic therapy in whole gland and focal therapy of localised prostate cancer. Surgical Oncology. 2009;18:2189.
- Found 332 studies with search of: Prostate cancer AND chemotherapy. ClincalTrials.gov. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=prostate+cancer+AND+chemotherapy. Accessed Jan. 25, 2010.
- Questions and Answers: 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) may increase the risk of a more serious form of prostate cancer. Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm258358.htm. Accessed June 20, 2011.
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