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Risk factors
By Mayo Clinic staffFactors that can increase your risk of prostate cancer include:
- Older age. The risk of prostate cancer increases with age. Prostate cancer is most common in men over 65.
- Being black. Black men have a greater risk of prostate cancer than do men of other races. It's not clear why this is.
- Family history of prostate cancer. If men in your family have had prostate cancer, your risk may be increased.
- Obesity. Obese men diagnosed with prostate cancer are more likely to have advanced disease that's more difficult to treat.
References
- Nelson WG, et al. Prostate cancer. In: Abeloff MD, et al. Abeloff's Clinical Oncology. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Churchill Livingstone; 2008:1653.
- Prostate cancer. Fort Washington, Pa.: National Comprehensive Cancer Network. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/prostate.pdf. Accessed Jan. 6, 2010.
- What you need to know about prostate cancer. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/prostate/allpages/print. Accessed Jan. 7, 2010.
- Loeb S, et al. Risk factors, prevention and early detection of prostate cancer. Primary Care: Clinics in Office Practice. 2009;36:603.
- Prostate cancer early detection. Fort Washington, Pa.: National Comprehensive Cancer Network. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/prostate_detection.pdf. Accessed Jan. 6, 2010.
- Prostate cancer prevention (PDQ) health professional version. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/prevention/prostate/healthprofessional/allpages/print. Accessed Jan. 7, 2010.
- Urinary dysfunction. Prostate Cancer Foundation. http://www.prostatecancerfoundation.org/side_effects/urinary_dysfunction. Accessed Jan. 11, 2010.
- Erectile dysfunction. Prostate Cancer Foundation. http://www.prostatecancerfoundation.org/side_effects/erectile_dysfunction. Accessed Jan. 11, 2010.
- Surgical management of prostate cancer. American Urological Association Foundation. http://www.urologyhealth.org/adult/index.cfm?cat=04&topic=130. Accessed Jan. 11, 2010.
- McClure MW. Prostate cancer. In: Rakel D. Integrative Medicine. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2007. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/178018505-4/0/1494/0.html. Accessed Jan. 11, 2010.
- Distress management. Fort Washington, Pa.: National Comprehensive Cancer Network. http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/PDF/distress.pdf. Accessed Jan. 11, 2010.
- Castle EP (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale/Phoenix, Ariz. Jan. 23, 2010.
- Dawson NA. Overview of treatment for advanced prostate cancer. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Jan. 25, 2010.
- Cryoablation for prostate cancer. UrologyHealthy.org. http://www.urologyhealth.org/adult/index.cfm?cat=04&topic=42. Accessed Jan. 25, 2010.
- Ahmed HU, et al. Minimally-invasive technologies in uro-oncology: The role of cryotherapy, HIFU and photodynamic therapy in whole gland and focal therapy of localised prostate cancer. Surgical Oncology. 2009;18:2189.
- Found 332 studies with search of: Prostate cancer AND chemotherapy. ClincalTrials.gov. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=prostate+cancer+AND+chemotherapy. Accessed Jan. 25, 2010.
- Questions and Answers: 5-alpha reductase inhibitors (5-ARIs) may increase the risk of a more serious form of prostate cancer. Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm258358.htm. Accessed June 20, 2011.
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