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Definition
By Mayo Clinic staffA rectovaginal fistula is an abnormal connection between the lower portion of your large intestine — your rectum — and your vagina. Contents of your bowel can leak from the fistula, meaning you might pass gas or stool through your vagina.
A rectovaginal fistula may result from an injury during childbirth, a complication following surgery, cancer or inflammatory bowel disease, such as Crohn's disease. However, in Western countries rectovaginal fistulas occur only rarely.
The symptoms of a rectovaginal fistula often cause emotional distress as well as physical discomfort. Though bringing up the subject with your doctor may be difficult, it's important to have a rectovaginal fistula evaluated. Some rectovaginal fistulas may close on their own, but most need to be repaired surgically.
- Lentz GM. Anatomic defects of the abdominal wall and pelvic floor: Abdominal and inguinal hernias, cystocele, urethrocele, enterocele, rectocele, uterine and vaginal prolapse, and rectal incontinence: Diagnosis and management. In: Katz VL, et al. Comprehensive Gynecology. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby Elsevier; 2007. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/196058617-5/0/1524/134.html?tocnode=53759433&fromURL=134.html. Accessed April 19, 2010.
- Champagne BJ, et al. Rectovaginal fistula. The Surgical Clinics of North America. 2010;90:69.
- Burke C. Rectovaginal fistulas. Clinical Journal of Oncology Nursing. 2005;9:295.
- Welton ML, et al. Anorectum. In: Doherty GM. Current Diagnosis & Treatment: Surgery. 13th ed. New York, N.Y.: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2010. http://www.accessmedicine.com/content.aspx?aID=5310106. Accessed April 20, 2010.
- Crohn's disease. National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/crohns/. Accessed April 20, 2010.
- Fecal incontinence. National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse. http://digestive.niddk.nih.gov/ddiseases/pubs/fecalincontinence/. Accessed April 20, 2010.
- Toglia MR. Rectovaginal, anovaginal, and colovesical fistulas. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed April 19, 2010.
- Andreani SM, et al. Rectovaginal fistula in Crohn's disease. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum. 2007;50:2215.
- Novi JM, et al. Rectovaginal fistula. Journal of Pelvic Medicine & Surgery. 2005;11:283.
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