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Symptoms

By Mayo Clinic staff

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Photograph of rubella rash Rubella

The signs and symptoms of rubella are often so mild that they're difficult to notice, especially in children. If signs and symptoms do occur, they generally appear between two and three weeks after exposure to the virus. They typically last about two to three days and may include:

  • Mild fever of 102 F (38.9 C) or lower
  • Headache
  • Stuffy or runny nose
  • Inflamed, red eyes
  • Enlarged, tender lymph nodes at the base of the skull, the back of the neck and behind the ears
  • A fine, pink rash that begins on the face and quickly spreads to the trunk and then the arms and legs, before disappearing in the same sequence
  • Aching joints, especially in young women

When to see a doctor
Contact your doctor if you think you or your child may have been exposed to rubella or if you have the symptoms listed above.

If you're contemplating getting pregnant, check your vaccination record to make sure you've received your MMR inoculations. If a pregnant woman contracts rubella, especially during her first trimester, the virus can cause death or serious birth defects in her developing fetus. Rubella during pregnancy is the most common cause of congenital deafness. It's best for women to be protected against rubella before pregnancy.

If you're pregnant, you'll likely undergo a routine screening for immunity to rubella. But if you've never received the vaccine and think you might have been exposed to rubella, contact your doctor immediately. A blood test might confirm that you're already immune and unlikely to develop rubella.

Causes Definition
References
  1. Q&As about vaccination options for preventing measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/combo-vaccines/mmrv/vacopt-faqs-hcp.htm. Accessed May 30, 2011.
  2. Rubella: Make sure your child is fully immunized. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/Features/Rubella/. Accessed May 30, 2011.
  3. Hall CB. Rubella. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed May 30, 2011.
  4. Rubella. The Merck Manuals: The Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec14/ch193/ch193e.html. Accessed May 30, 2011.
  5. Mason WH. Rubella. In: Kliegman RM. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 18th ed. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2007. http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/2087468196/0/1608/0.html. http://www.mdconsult.com/books/page.do?eid=4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-2450-7..50246-2&isbn=978-1-4160-2450-7&sid=1164904620&uniqId=252862957-8#4-u1.0-B978-1-4160-2450-7..50246-2. Accessed May 30, 2011.
  6. Reef SE. Rubella. In: Brunette GW, et. al. CDC Health Information for International Travel 2010: The Yellow Book. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby Elsevier; 2010. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2010/chapter-2/rubella.htm. Accessed May 30, 2011.
  7. Rubella. In: Ferri FF. Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2011: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby Elsevier; 2011. http://www.mdconsult.com/books/about.do?eid=4-u1.0-B978-0-323-05610-6..C2009-0-38600-6--TOP&isbn=978-0-323-05610-6&about=true&uniqId=230100505-53. Accessed May 30, 2011.
  8. Riley LE. Rubella in pregnancy. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed May 30, 2011.
  9. Parker AA, et al. Measles (rubeola). In: Brunette GW, et. al. CDC Health Information for International Travel 2010: The Yellow Book. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby Elsevier; 2010. http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2010/chapter-2/measles.htm. Accessed May 30, 2011.
  10. Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccinesafety/Vaccines/MMR/MMR.html. Accessed May 30, 2011.
  11. Possible side effects from vaccines. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/print.do?url=http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vac-gen/side-effects.htm. Accessed May 30, 2011.
  12. Reef S, et al. Rubella. In: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Manual for the surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2008. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/surv-manual/. Accessed May 30, 2011.
  13. Congenital rubella syndrome. In: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Manual for the surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases. Atlanta, GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2008. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/surv-manual/. Accessed May 30, 2011.
  14. Rubella disease in-short (German measles). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd-vac/rubella/in-short-adult.htm#who. Accessed May 30, 2011.
  15. Hoecker JL (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. June 1, 2011.
DS00332 July 9, 2011

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