Tests and diagnosis
By Mayo Clinic staff
Brain imaging
Your doctor will likely recommend brain imaging.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An MRI of the brain can help detect any underlying causes for your headache. During the MRI exam, a magnetic field and radio waves are used to create cross-sectional images of the structures within your brain.
- Computerized tomography (CT). In some cases, especially if your headache occurred less than 48 hours beforehand, a CT scan of your brain may be done. CT uses an X-ray unit that rotates around your body and a computer to create cross-sectional images of your brain and head.
Angiograms
Your doctor may also order a cerebral angiogram, a test that can visualize the neck and brain arteries. It involves threading a thin, flexible tube through a blood vessel, usually starting in the groin, to an artery in your neck. Contrast material is injected into the tube to allow an X-ray machine to visualize the arteries in your neck and brain.
A less invasive version of this test uses MRI or CT, instead of threading a catheter through your blood vessels.
Spinal tap
Sometimes a spinal tap (lumbar puncture) is needed as well — especially if the headache started abruptly and very recently and brain imaging is normal. With this procedure, the doctor removes a small amount of the fluid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord. The fluid sample can be tested for evidence of bleeding or infection.
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