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Causes
Like many other mental health conditions, social anxiety disorder likely arises from a complex interaction of environment and genes. Researchers continue to study possible causes, including:
- Genes. Researchers are seeking specific genes that play a role in anxiety and fear. Social anxiety disorder seems to run in families. But evidence suggests that the hereditary component of this condition is due at least in part to anxious behavior learned from other family members.
- Biochemistry. Researchers are exploring the idea that natural chemicals in your body may play a role in social anxiety disorder. For instance, an imbalance in the brain chemical serotonin (ser-oh-TOE-nin) could be a factor. Serotonin, a neurotransmitter, helps regulate mood and emotions, among other things. People with social anxiety disorder may be extra-sensitive to the effects of serotonin.
- Fear responses. Some research suggests that a structure in the brain called the amygdala (uh-MIG-duh-luh) may play a role in controlling the fear response. People who have an overactive amygdala may have a heightened fear response, causing increased anxiety in social situations.
References
- Social phobia (social anxiety disorder). In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-IV-TR. 4th ed. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association; 2000. http://www.psychiatryonline.com. Accessed June 11, 2009.
- Hollander E, et al. Social phobia (social anxiety disorder). In: Hales RE, et al., eds. The American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Psychiatry. 5th ed. Arlington, Va.: American Psychiatric Association; 2008. http://www.psychiatryonline.com. Accessed June 11, 2009
- Bruce TJ, et al. Social anxiety disorder. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed June 11, 2009.
- Phobic disorders. The Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec15/ch196/ch196e.html. Accessed June 11, 2009.
- Social phobia (social anxiety disorder). National Institute of Mental Health. http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/social-phobia-social-anxiety-disorder/index.shtml#SocialPhobia. Accessed June 11, 2009.
- Feldman MD, et al. Phobias. In: Ferri FF. Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2009. St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby; 2008: http://www.mdconsult.com/das/book/body/142893743-5/851356429/1701/448.html#4-u1.0-B978-0-323-04134-8..50019-7--subchapter28_9560. Accessed June 11, 2009.
- Abramowitz JS. Self-help cognitive-behavioral therapy with minimal therapist contact for social phobia: A controlled trial. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry. 2009;40:98.
- Ebell MH. Diagnosis of anxiety disorders in primary care. American Family Physician. 2008;78:501.
- Whiteside SP (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. June 17, 2009.
