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Definition
By Mayo Clinic staff
Spermicide is a contraceptive substance that immobilizes or kills sperm before they enter the uterus. Spermicide is available without a prescription and comes in many forms, including cream, gel, foam, film, suppository and tablet.
All spermicide sold in the United States contains the chemical nonoxynol-9, which kills sperm.
Spermicide isn't a highly effective birth control method when used alone. However, spermicide can also be used with a barrier method — such as a condom, diaphragm, contraceptive sponge or cervical cap — to prevent pregnancy. Spermicide doesn't offer protection from sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
- Turok D. The quest for better contraception: Future methods. Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 2007;34:137.
- Frequently asked questions: Birth control methods. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. http://www.womenshealth.gov/faq/birth-control-methods.pdf. Accessed Oct. 2, 2009.
- Barrier methods of contraception. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. http://www.acog.org/publications/patient_education/bp022.cfm. Accessed Oct. 2, 2009.
- Over-the-counter vaginal contraceptive and spermicide drug products containing nonoxynol-9; Required labeling. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/OHRMS/DOCKETS/98fr/80n-0280-nfr0003.pdf. Accessed Oct. 23, 2009.
- Cates W, et al. Vaginal barriers and spermicides. In: Hatcher RA, et al. Contraceptive Technology. 19th ed. New York, N.Y.: Ardent Media, Inc.; 2007:317.
- Zieman M. Overview of contraception. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Oct. 2, 2009.
- Harms RW (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Nov. 13, 2009.
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