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Causes
By Mayo Clinic staff
Doctors aren't certain what causes spina bifida. As with many other problems, it appears to result from a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors, such as a family history of neural tube defects and folic acid deficiency.
References
- Spina bifida fact sheet. National Institute of Neurological Disorders. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/spina_bifida/detail_spina_bifida.htm. Accessed July 30, 2009.
- Spina bifida. The Merck Manuals: The Merck Manual for Healthcare Professionals. http://www.merck.com/mmpe/print/sec19/ch292/ch292c.html. Accessed July 30, 2009.
- Spina bifida, March of Dimes. http://www.marchofdimes.com/pnhec/4439_1224.asp. Accessed July 30, 2009.
- Hochberg L. Prenatal screening and diagnosis of neural tube defects. http://www.uptodate.com/index/home.html. Accessed July 30, 2009.
- Ask the doctor archive. Spina Bifida Association. http://www.spinabifidaassociation.org/site/c.liKWL7PLLrF/b.2738091/k.9A71/Risk_Factor.htm. Accessed Aug. 1, 2009.
- Cameron M, et al. Prenatal screening and diagnosis of neural tube defects. Prenatal Diagnosis. 2009;29:402.
- Routine tests in pregnancy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. http://www.acog.org/publications/patient_education/bp133.cfm. Accessed Aug. 1, 2009.
- FAQs about folic acid. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/folicacid/faqs.html. Accessed July 30, 2009.
- Edwards MJ. Hyperthermia and fever during pregnancy. Birth Defects Research (Part A): Clinical and Molecular Teratology. 2006;76:507.
- Folic acid for the prevention of neural tube defects: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Rockville, Md.: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. http://www.annals.org/cgi/reprint/150/9/626.pdf. Accessed Aug. 24, 2009.
- Harms RW (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Aug. 24, 2009.
