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Treatments and drugs
By Mayo Clinic staffMost squamous cell carcinomas can be completely removed with relatively minor surgery or occasionally with a topical medication. The type of squamous cell carcinoma treatment usually depends on the size, location and aggressiveness of the tumor and may include one or more of the following:
- Simple excision. In this procedure, your doctor cuts out the cancerous tissue and a surrounding margin of healthy skin. Your doctor may recommend a wide excision — removing additional normal skin around the tumor — in some cases. To minimize scarring, especially on your face, consult a doctor skilled in skin reconstruction.
- Mohs surgery. This is often considered the most effective treatment for squamous cell carcinomas, especially those that are larger than about 3/4 of an inch (2 centimeters), have recurred, or are located on the face, mucous membranes or genital area. During the procedure, your doctor removes the tumor layer by layer, examining each layer under the microscope until no abnormal cells remain. This allows the entire growth to be removed without taking an excessive amount of surrounding healthy skin. Because it requires particular expertise, Mohs surgery should only be performed by doctors specifically trained in the procedure.
- Laser therapy. An intense beam of light vaporizes growths, usually with little damage to surrounding tissue and with a reduced risk of bleeding, swelling and scarring. Lasers are often used to treat superficial carcinomas on the lips.
- Freezing. This involves removing cancerous cells by freezing them with liquid nitrogen (cryosurgery). It's effective for small squamous cell carcinomas, but isn't recommended for larger tumors or those on your nose, ears or eyelids.
- Radiation therapy. This may be an option for treating large cancers on the eyelids, lips and ears — areas that are difficult to treat surgically — or for tumors too deep to cut out.
- Chemotherapy. For very superficial cancers, creams or lotions containing anti-cancer agents, such as 5-fluorouracil, may be applied directly to your skin. Some of these medications can cause severe inflammation and scarring, so be sure to discuss potential complications with your doctor.
References
- Squamous cell carcinoma. The Skin Cancer Foundation. http://www.skincancer.org/squamous-cell-carcinoma.html. Accessed Feb. 17, 2011.
- Detailed guide: Skin cancer — basal and squamous cell. American Cancer Society. http://www.cancer.org/acs/groups/cid/documents/webcontent/003139-pdf.pdf. Accessed Feb. 17, 2011.
- Lim JL. Epidemiology and clinical features of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Feb. 17, 2011.
- Public health statement for arsenic. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/PHS/PHS.asp?id=18&tid=3. Accessed Feb. 18, 2011.
- Skin cancer treatment PDQ: Professional version. National Cancer Institute. http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/pdq/treatment/skin/HealthProfessional/AllPages/Print. Accessed Feb. 17, 2011.
- Common medications may increase sun sensitivity. The Skin Cancer Foundation. http://www.skincancer.org/common-medications-may-increase-sun-sensitivity.html. Accessed Feb. 18, 2011.
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