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Testicular self-exam: How and why to do it
Testicular self-exam can help identify testicular cancer early, when treatment is most effective. Find out what to look for, what's normal and what's not.
By Mayo Clinic staffTesticular cancer is most common in men ages 20 to 35 — but it can occur at any age. A simple testicular self-examination can improve your chances of finding a tumor early. Beginning at age 15, it's a good idea to do a monthly testicular self-exam. Regular testicular self-exams are an important way to identify changes that can be a sign of cancer. Early diagnosis is important because testicular cancer is highly treatable when found early. Lumps or other changes found during a testicular self-exam aren't always a sign of cancer, but still need to be checked by a doctor.
How do you do a testicular self-exam?
It's a good idea to examine your testicles once a month, after a warm bath or shower. The heat from the water relaxes your scrotum, making it easier for you to check for anything unusual. To do a testicular self-exam, follow these steps:
- Stand in front of a mirror. Look for any swelling on the skin of the scrotum.
- Examine each testicle with both hands. Place the index and middle fingers under the testicle while placing your thumbs on the top.
- Gently roll the testicle between the thumbs and fingers. Feel for lumps and bumps. Remember that the testicles are usually smooth, oval shaped and somewhat firm.
- If you find a lump, call your doctor as soon as possible. Signs and symptoms of cancer include lumps, swelling, a heavy-feeling testicle and pain. Don't be embarrassed about calling your doctor if you find a lump or other problem. Early diagnosis is important — over time, testicular cancer can spread and it becomes more dangerous and difficult to treat.
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