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Causes
By Mayo Clinic staffIn general, the cause of thoracic outlet syndrome is compression of the nerves and blood vessels in the thoracic outlet, just under your collarbone. The cause of the compression itself, however, can vary and can include:
- Anatomical defects. Inherited defects that are present at birth (congenital) may include a cervical rib — an extra rib located above the first rib — or an abnormally tight fibrous band connecting your spine to your rib.
- Poor posture. Drooping your shoulders or holding your head in a forward position can cause compression in the thoracic outlet area.
- Trauma. A traumatic event, such as a car accident, can cause internal changes that then compress the nerves in the thoracic outlet. The onset of symptoms related to a traumatic accident is often delayed.
- Repetitive activity. Doing the same thing over and over can, over time, wear on your body's tissue. You may notice symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome if your job requires you to repeat a movement continuously, such as typing on a computer for extended periods, working on an assembly line, or stocking shelves and repeatedly lifting things above your head. Athletes, such as baseball pitchers and swimmers, also can develop thoracic outlet syndrome from years of repetitive movements. If you repeatedly carry heavy loads low on your body (rather than against your chest), you may also notice signs and symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome.
- Pressure on your joints. Obesity can put an undue amount of stress on your joints, as can carrying around an oversized bag or backpack.
- Pregnancy. Because joints loosen during pregnancy, signs of thoracic outlet syndrome may first appear while you're pregnant.
References
- Sheon RP. Overview of the nerve entrapment syndromes. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Sept. 9, 2008.
- NINDS thoracic outlet syndrome information page. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/thoracic/thoracic.htm. Accessed Sept. 9, 2008.
- Thoracic outlet syndrome. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00336. Accessed Sept. 9, 2008.
- Thoracic outlet syndrome general information. National Pain Association. http://www.nationalpainfoundation.org/MyPain/contentdirectory_ThoracicOutletSyndrome.asp. Accessed Sept. 9, 2008.
- Thoracic outlet syndromes. Merck Manuals Online Medical Library. http://www.merck.com/mmhe/sec06/ch095/ch095e.html. Accessed Sept. 9, 2008.
- Thoracic outlet syndrome. Society for Vascular Surgery. http://www.vascularweb.org/patients/NorthPoint/Thoracic_Outlet_Syndrome.html. Accessed Sept. 9, 2008.
