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Treatments and drugs
By Mayo Clinic staffThere's no cure for Tourette syndrome. Treatment is intended to help control tics that interfere with everyday activities and functioning. When tics aren't severe, treatment may be unnecessary.
Medications
No medication is helpful to everyone with Tourette syndrome, none completely eliminates symptoms, and they all have side effects to be weighed against the benefits. However, some medications can be used to help control or minimize tics or to control symptoms of related conditions, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). These may include:
- Drugs that block or deplete the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain, such as fluphenazine or pimozide (Orap). Used to control tics, these medications may have side effects such as weight gain and a dulling of the mind.
- Botulinum Toxin Type A (Botox) injections. For simple or vocal tics, an injection into the affected muscle may help relieve the tic.
- Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin, others) and dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine, others). These are used to help increase attention and concentration for people with ADHD.
- Central adrenergic inhibitors, such as clonidine (Catapres) or guanfacine (Tenex). Typically prescribed for high blood pressure, these drugs may help control behavioral symptoms, such as impulse control problems and rage attacks. Side effects may include sleepiness.
- Antidepressants, such as fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem, others). These may help control the symptoms of OCD.
Therapies
- Psychotherapy. Psychotherapy can be helpful for two reasons. It can help with accompanying problems, such as ADHD, obsessions, depression and anxiety. Therapy can also help people cope with Tourette syndrome.
- Deep brain stimulation. For debilitating tics that don't respond to other treatment, deep brain stimulation (DBS) may help. DBS consists of implanting a battery-operated medical device (neurostimulator) in the brain to deliver electrical stimulation to targeted areas that control movement. Further research is needed to determine whether DBS is beneficial for people with Tourette syndrome.
- Tourette syndrome. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/tourette/default.htm. Accessed Jan. 10, 2010.
- Jankovic, J. Tourette syndrome. http://www.uptodate.com/home/index.html. Accessed Jan. 11, 2010.
- Tourette syndrome fact sheet. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/tourette/detail_tourette.htm. Accessed Jan. 10, 2010.
- Tourette syndrome. Genetics Home Reference. http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition=tourettesyndrome/show/print. Accessed Jan. 22, 2010.
- Cavanna AE, et al. The behavioral spectrum of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. 2009;21:13.
- Tourette syndrome: Frequently asked questions. Tourette Syndrome Association. http://www.tsa-usa.org/Medical/Faqs.html. Accessed Jan. 22,2010.
- Conolea CA, et al. The influence of contextual factors on tic expression in Tourette's syndrome: A review Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2008;65:487.
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